Sally hemings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sally hemings - Essay Example Physical and sexual abuses were part of their slave lives, and family relationships were always unstable because slave trades frequently broke up families. The American colonies practiced this slavery throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, until the American Civil War and leaders like Abraham Lincoln put an end to it. However, even after the abolishment of slavery system, the legacy of slavery influenced the American history, in the disruptive years of Reconstruction. When slavery existed in United States of American, it was considered to be a cruel part of history. However, for Sally Hemings, it was a completely different story. She gave up freedom for many uncertain reasons. The different facets of Hemings as concubine, mother, slave, and the privileges she had for being a slave is analyzed in detail. â€Å"Being a woman added burdens to a slaves life but also furthered the ‘cooperation and interdependence’ necessary for a womans survival†.1 This statement aptly fits the life of Sally Hemings. She was a enslaved woman of mixed-race who was owned by then President, Thomas Jefferson. She was said to have had a long-term relationship with Jefferson, consequently bearing as many as six children with him. She was born in 1773 to Elizabeth (Betty) Hemings and John Wayles, Thomas Jefferson’s father-in-law. She entered Monticello as part of inheritance that was given to his Jefferson’s wife Martha Wayles Jefferson. Initially, she was a nursemaid to Jefferson’s daughters doing household chores and other works that an enslaved woman would do. Later, in 1784, when Jefferson travelled to Paris, Hemings accompanied him with his 8-year old daughter named Martha. It is said that it was during this time that the relationship between Jefferson and Hemings could have developed. There are many instances to show that Sally Hemings gave up her

Net present value Essay Example for Free

Net present value Essay This essay will discuss the net present value (NPV), payback period (PBP) and internal rate of return (IRR) approaches for a project evaluation. It is often said that NPV is the best approach investment appraisal, which I why I will compare the strengths and weaknesses of NPV as well as the two others to se if the statement is actually true. Introduction To start of, the essay will attempt to explain the theoretical rationale of the net present value approach to investment appraisal as well as its strengths and weaknesses. From there, introduce the payback period method and then internal rate of return approach, as well as to consider their strengths and weaknesses. After outlining and explaining the three different approaches, it will finish up with comparing the different three and in a conclusion. NPV Net present value or NPV is an approach used to determine the value of an investment today (present) compared to the value of the investment in the future after taking the inflation and return into account. In simpler words, it compares the value of 1 pound today with the same pound in the future. Net present value is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment. It is usually calculated using tables and spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel, but the main formula used to calculate net present value looks like this: Where C0 = Cash outflow at time t=0 Ct = Cash inflow at time t r = The discount rate As Ross (2013) states in his book, a project should be accepted if the NPV is greater than zero and rejected if it is less than zero. This is known as the NPV rule. However, if the NPV is equal to zero, the manager of the company has to decide whether to accept or reject depending on several factors, such as there might be a better investment to be made elsewhere that might produce higher revenue. It will be a question of opportunity cost. The whole point of the rule is that if a firm accepts an investment with positive net present value, it will benefit the shareholders, as the value of the firm will increase (considering no other circumstances) by the amount of the NPV. This is called additivity, which means that the value of the firm is simply the value of the different divisions, projects, or other entities within the firm. Alexander (2000) states that any financial asset with an NPV greater than zero is referred to as underpriced, while any financial asset with an NPV less than zero is said to be overprices. A firm or company must always consider is the concept of ‘time value of money’ (TVM). TMV means that if ? 1 is invested today, say for instance in a bank or a fund, with an interest rate of 5 per cent per annum, in one year it will be ? 1. 05 because the bank compensates the investors for borrowing their money. The same would be if you reverse the equation. ?1 in a year with the same interest rate of 5 per cent equals ? 0. 9524 today (Weetman, 2010). The reason for discounting future cash flows according to Marney (2011) are because of three factors; inflation, risk and time impatience. In all countries there is some level of inflation that needs to be accounted for. It can lead to both higher and lower purchasing power of money. Risk is very hard du make accurate predictions for in the far future, and after the credit crunch of 2007-2008, very few dare to make them on variables like inflation and interest rates. Lastly is the factor of time impatience. Since mankind is born with some level of greed, people prefer money now rather than later. This can easily be reflected by the use of credit cards and loans in general. And as long as people want to lend and borrow, there is money to be made for lenders, as incentives are required with the gratification in the form of interest. The main advantage with the net present value technique according to Ross (2013) is that is uses cash flows, it includes all the cash flows of the project and that it rightly discounts the cash flows properly. The positive aspect of it using cash flows is that it determines when the project will earn its incomes, how soon they will come as well as how sizable they are going to be. What is meant when he states that it uses all the cash flows is that it acknowledges every single cash flow, regardless of the date or the size. The advantage for the shareholders of the firm is that it shows how much they can expect to get back from an investment as it takes into account the riskiness of the project and doesn’t ignore the time value of money. However, the NPV approach those have some disadvantages as well. The main disadvantage to the net present value approach is that it is sensitive to discount rates. The computations of NPV are a summary of multiple discounted cash flows that are converted into present value terms for the same point in time. This could affect the result both positively and negatively, and as said earlier, it is almost impossible to predict what the future brings. Let’s use the example given in the article â€Å"Uses, abuses and alternatives to NPV† by Ross (1995). If the current interest rate leads to a negative NPV, but in the future the interest rate decreases and leads to a positive NPV. The management or analyzers may miss out on a good investment opportunity if they sell the project early because with the current interest rate it is considered not profitable. Another example, let’s call it project a, could be if we were trying to value an investment that could cost your firm ? 10,000 up front today and was expected to pay you back ? 2,500 in annual profits for 5 years. This will lead to a total nominal amount of ? 12,500, beginning at the end of the first year. If we use a 4. 5 per cent discount rate in the NPV calculations, the five payments of ? 2,500 equals to ? 10,974. 94 of todays pounds. If we subtract the initial payment of ? 10,000, we’re left with a net present value of ? 974. 94. Now let’s try to do use the same number with the same length of a project, but use 9 per cent discount rate and call it project b. The firm will get a payment of ? 9,724. 13, which means they’ll have a NPV of considerably less, and will in fact end up loosing ? 275. 87 when the project is finished.

America Needs Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

America Needs Human Cloning      Ã‚  Ã‚   You have been told that you are unique. The belief that there is no one else like you in the whole world made you feel special and proud. This belief may not be true in the future.   The world was stunned by the news in late February 1997 that a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut and his research team had successfully cloned a lamb named Dolly from an adult sheep. Dolly was created by replacing the DNA of one sheep's egg with the DNA of another sheep's udder. While plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years now, before Wilmut's announcement it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on higher mammals. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning.    Some of the most powerful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. The President swiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills are in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning which it taken to be a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But what is exactly bad about it? From an ethical point of view , it is difficult to see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to think that someone will break into Napoleon's Tomb, steal some DNA and make 2000 emperors. In reality, cloning would be probably used by infertile people who now use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos. Do the potential harms outweigh the potential benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they don't. Therefore, we should not rush to ban a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk, or single people to become parents.    We can start by asking whether human beings have a right to reproduce. I say " Yes". I have no moral right to tell other people they shouldn't be able to have children, and I don't see that the President has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what right does society have to limit the means? Essentially all reproduction is done these days with medical help- at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number.

People Are Becoming Overly Dependent on Technology

Dustan Clinton English 1301 Doctor Nellis 15 April 2013 People have become overly dependent on Technology Some people would say all the great inventions and updates on technology have made this world a better place. It has not! This world has become overly dependent on technology, because of the fact; jobs requirements have changed, laziness has prevailed and people are just commonly fascinated in all that has been created in today’s world that makes that one task little bit easier by the push of a button.Society is pushed in learning new technology to keep their jobs. Men and women that are in there mid range of age in life having been working for that certain career that now allows a machine or knowledge of a device to run it. The newer generation will not know what it is like to actually build with their hands, and will be lost if the device was to break. Certain industries have to have parts quality inspected and be checked by hands. Now they have machines to do it.Our mil itary relies on advanced technology to protect or national security, knowing that’s not the only way to protect. Laziness is part of people becoming overly dependent on technology in today’s society. Everyday ordinary people are using the latest technology to make life just a little easier. Take cell phones added with high speed internet. People can deposit checks, make credit card payments, and pay utility bills, just from a few touches of some buttons on their phones. People are using emails instead of writing letters and postage stamps.Cell phones and similar devices are allowing access to web sites like face book and twitter that allow family and friends to stay connected instead of actually using their phone to make a call. Some kids are growing up not knowing how to even use certain kitchen appliances, such as cheese grader, potato peeler, or can opener. Almost all foods are being made where anyone is able to throw in the microwave and have a full meal. Younger g enerations don’t know what home cooked meals are using grills really is because you can ave full four course meal out of the little box in the corner of the kitchen that cooks for you. House hold chores have even become easier with electric appliances. Dish washers, washing machines, clothes driers, robotic floor sweepers; have made people lazy because they have become overly dependent on today’s technology. People are so fascinated with today’s technology it has caused society to become overly dependent on it. Gaming systems for kids have become so high tech. it is causing them to become addicted, and keeping them from wondering outside and seeing the nature side of life.The systems are filled with intense graphics and connect to high speed internet so kids and young adults can game with the other side of the world. That is fascinating and it also causes kids to be overly fascinated in this technology. Society use to go to the store to rent movies and but cdsâ €™, now they just get on their computers and find a web site to download them. Downloading capability has multiplied 100 percent over the past ten years. It fascinates people just to be able to sit at home and get all the music, or watch any movie they want right there at their finger tips.

Life in Prison

Prison life in most society is not considered a life worth mentioning. When a person decides to break the law and take up a life of crime, he or she should be aware of certain circumstances that lie ahead. When individuals break the law in our society, the pathway to a life in jail or prison is almost certain. Life simple freedom that most of society enjoys are limited in prison, and in some case none existence. Told where to go, how to act, when to speak, when to rise for the day or when to sleep can be torture. While enduring this he or she is confined in a small cell surrounded by the worst criminals society has to offer can make what life one has left a living nightmare (Heydoorn, 2008). In this paper, I will discuss my personal perspective that I have on Life in Prison. I will also discuss the policies that I would enforce, inmates need for respect, change in correctional policies that I would implement, and my beliefs on why people become criminals. After reading various topics on prison life during this course of study, along with my personal experience as a law enforcement officer, my perspective and understanding of prison life has not change. The main purpose of jail and prison has not change since the early days of our society. Prisons in our society are to house those citizens, which have committed crimes, like murder, rape, arson, and burglary. These citizens are held until their day in court, their trail has been set, and punishment has been rendered. Our ancestors intended purpose of jails and prisons were used as a form of punishment against the offender, a deterrent against the offender from committing crimes, removing dangerous criminals from our society and rehabilitation of less violent criminals. The system I think is ineffective so my understanding is that the system works. However, I am not supportive of the harsh conditions that some inmates will experience while incarcerated. The subculture of gang life and having to choose between living prison life safe or a victim of prison life is a difficult choice (Latessa, 2004). Some policies that I would make to aid the adjustment of prisoners to prison life are first address the subculture mentality that all inmates will experience. This unwritten inmate code, which is nothing more than a certain rules, and belief that used to bind inmates together. Prison life within this culture sees prison as nothing more than a training ground for gladiators. Here is where the strong will survive and flourish in this culture or weak shall become victims. This one area seldom addressed in the majority of prisons. In some cases, prisons officials allow this system to operate for fear of staff safety and gang retaliation. If this were the first order of attack, an inmate might have the chance at rehabilitation and reeducating themselves for reentry back to society (De Viggiani, 2006). In prison life for an inmate, his or her very existence is based on respect, hope, and safety that he or she will survive their sentence. If respect is given to an inmate as, a human being than respect should be rendered in return. Respect can be the difference between a prison riots or safe staff. Giving an inmate hope can change an individual whole outlook on prison life. Though hope an inmate can, one acquires his or her GED, learn a trade, kick drug addiction, and one-day walk out a free man. Other changes in policy that I would suggest in both state and federal prison would first start with the correctional management staff ideology. In almost every state in the United States prison system operates with the idea that if a plan worked good one day why change it the next. In other words if the system is not broken why fix it. The correctional system is like any other field in our society reluctant to change even when it is long overdue. The hearts and minds of correctional professionals, is a start in the right direction. In the last 100 years, there has been very little difference in how our prisons are operated this needs to change. Just because it was successful in 1950 does not mean it is for 2011. During this course of study, I do not think that there is no definite reason people become criminals. It is hard for me to think that individuals are merely born criminals and its is beyond that person control to do otherwise. I think that some people just take up criminal activity because the lifestyle and danger of being caught appeals to their behavior. Others might do strictly for financial gains that might override any rational thought. Some because of their environment see it as easy ticket out of poverty in which he or she grew up. The list could go on with no simple answer. However, I am confident that if the majority of our society were taught at an early age that criminal behavior is a no win scenario that will only led them to a life in prison. Life in Prison Prison life in most society is not considered a life worth mentioning. When a person decides to break the law and take up a life of crime, he or she should be aware of certain circumstances that lie ahead. When individuals break the law in our society, the pathway to a life in jail or prison is almost certain. Life simple freedom that most of society enjoys are limited in prison, and in some case none existence. Told where to go, how to act, when to speak, when to rise for the day or when to sleep can be torture. While enduring this he or she is confined in a small cell surrounded by the worst criminals society has to offer can make what life one has left a living nightmare (Heydoorn, 2008). In this paper, I will discuss my personal perspective that I have on Life in Prison. I will also discuss the policies that I would enforce, inmates need for respect, change in correctional policies that I would implement, and my beliefs on why people become criminals. After reading various topics on prison life during this course of study, along with my personal experience as a law enforcement officer, my perspective and understanding of prison life has not change. The main purpose of jail and prison has not change since the early days of our society. Prisons in our society are to house those citizens, which have committed crimes, like murder, rape, arson, and burglary. These citizens are held until their day in court, their trail has been set, and punishment has been rendered. Our ancestors intended purpose of jails and prisons were used as a form of punishment against the offender, a deterrent against the offender from committing crimes, removing dangerous criminals from our society and rehabilitation of less violent criminals. The system I think is ineffective so my understanding is that the system works. However, I am not supportive of the harsh conditions that some inmates will experience while incarcerated. The subculture of gang life and having to choose between living prison life safe or a victim of prison life is a difficult choice (Latessa, 2004). Some policies that I would make to aid the adjustment of prisoners to prison life are first address the subculture mentality that all inmates will experience. This unwritten inmate code, which is nothing more than a certain rules, and belief that used to bind inmates together. Prison life within this culture sees prison as nothing more than a training ground for gladiators. Here is where the strong will survive and flourish in this culture or weak shall become victims. This one area seldom addressed in the majority of prisons. In some cases, prisons officials allow this system to operate for fear of staff safety and gang retaliation. If this were the first order of attack, an inmate might have the chance at rehabilitation and reeducating themselves for reentry back to society (De Viggiani, 2006). In prison life for an inmate, his or her very existence is based on respect, hope, and safety that he or she will survive their sentence. If respect is given to an inmate as, a human being than respect should be rendered in return. Respect can be the difference between a prison riots or safe staff. Giving an inmate hope can change an individual whole outlook on prison life. Though hope an inmate can, one acquires his or her GED, learn a trade, kick drug addiction, and one-day walk out a free man. Other changes in policy that I would suggest in both state and federal prison would first start with the correctional management staff ideology. In almost every state in the United States prison system operates with the idea that if a plan worked good one day why change it the next. In other words if the system is not broken why fix it. The correctional system is like any other field in our society reluctant to change even when it is long overdue. The hearts and minds of correctional professionals, is a start in the right direction. In the last 100 years, there has been very little difference in how our prisons are operated this needs to change. Just because it was successful in 1950 does not mean it is for 2011. During this course of study, I do not think that there is no definite reason people become criminals. It is hard for me to think that individuals are merely born criminals and its is beyond that person control to do otherwise. I think that some people just take up criminal activity because the lifestyle and danger of being caught appeals to their behavior. Others might do strictly for financial gains that might override any rational thought. Some because of their environment see it as easy ticket out of poverty in which he or she grew up. The list could go on with no simple answer. However, I am confident that if the majority of our society were taught at an early age that criminal behavior is a no win scenario that will only led them to a life in prison.

Tao of Pooh Start Essay Example

Tao of Pooh Start Essay Example Tao of Pooh Start Paper Tao of Pooh Start Paper The Tao of Pooh Essay In The Tao of Pooh, Benjamin Hoff, the author is explaining Taoism to people who do not know what it is, using a classic childhood story, Winnie the Pooh. Hoff observes every character from the childhood story and finding Pooh to be the best for all. The main and first thing talked about in the story is what Taoism believes as the uncarved block, Hoff which then says it is everything in its simplest form. Pooh represents the uncarved block because he in his self is simplistic. Pooh is always calm, and relaxed nd doesnt stress about anything, well except his honey of course. The concept of Wu Wei is a major concept in the book, where there is no struggle to doing something, for example you dont but the round peg in the square hole, or vice versa, because it is to put the round peg in the round hole. Wu Wei doesnt try, it Just does. One of the first major ideas in The Tao of Pooh is the uncarved block. When talking about the uncarved block, Pooh is the best example, and character chosen to be described, and describe the uncarved block. The uncarved block is everything being in its simplest form, and within simplicity has its own power. pooh is used to describe the uncarved block because he is simple. Pooh doesnt worry about much of anything, he doesnt over think, and he simple minded. Rabbit is used as the opposite as the uncarved block because he is always running around and is very busy because thats who he is. Expressing this is showing you miss many things in life being busy and trying to rush everything. With the topic of Rabbit, it shows how not to life live. As Pooh is The Uncarved Block, Rabbit is the exact opposite, which is the opposite of The Uncarved Block. Hoff is basically telling us doing as Rabbit does is not the way to live life. Rabbit is always rushing around and not taking the time to enjoy life. He is too busy trying to rush and missing so many things and opportunities and not taking any time for himself. Missing out on the little things in life can cause unhappiness and regret. Regret and Unhappiness is not what is suppose to happen in Taoism, because of the uncarved block. Tao of Pooh Start By kegger13

Tips on How to Meet all Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements

Tips on How to Meet all Important Harvard Outline Format Requirements School and college teachers often ask students to use the Harvard outline format (known as date-and-author referencing) to write their academic assignments. This type of your instructor’s request may shock you because you don’t understand standard Harvard outline format rules or guidelines. Search the Internet for general information. Find helpful tips or your guide on how to meet Harvard requirements. Writing the best referencing page that includes all sources can be a hard task to people, so you shouldn’t feel inadequate during this process. Before you apply standard Harvard outline format guidelines to your paper of any academic level, understand the important role that it plays. Why use it? Use this referencing style to indicate to people who read your university essay that you take specific ideas, facts, theories, quotes, or other materials from external resources. Don’t forget to point out their origins in a special section. Why is referencing important? Following Harvard outline format rules to the papers that students write in schools guarantees that they give credit or acknowledgments to all authors. It helps you avoid plagiarism, which is all about academic cheating. Harvard law outlines indicate that you should put enough effort into your chosen topic to come up with a good sentence structure and order. Acknowledging every source that you use in your essay is important. Correct references help you conduct your successful research and demonstrate your integrity. ORDER MY PAPER HERE 6 main rules to follow To create your perfect plan of academic assignments, you should follow these basic rules: Use in-text citations in proper sentences; Take notes of any information that you need to create your bibliography page; Use capitalizations only to write authors’ names in your special reference list; Record a full list of all the sources you use in your academic assignment; Use underlining or italics to note the titles of your sources (don’t use both options at once); There are no strict punctuation rules (you just should stay consistent). You can clearly see possible Harvard outline complexities above. This popular referencing system has some complex requirements that all students must meet to earn high grades and impress their tutors. Referencing your academic paper in this format doesn’t depend only on citing sources because you should also find relevant information about used sources. General guidelines to follow What Harvard outline guidelines should you follow? Every time you indent, you indicate a level of specificity (topics on the left are general, topics on the right are more specific). Every topic that you indent to the right of your heading should relate to the ones to the left to create the best essay plan. Alternate al letters and numbers (a few ones will work). In your Harvard outline, it’s necessary to use the following: Capital letters; Roman numerals; Lower case letters; Numbers; Lower case letters inside a parenthesis; Numbers inside a parenthesis. Teachers may ask you to use other formats in your academic paper. The main rule to follow is to stay clear or consistent while alternating different letters and numbers in your paper plan. You should carefully indent all of its levels to place headings correctly. Balance your specificity levels to get a clearer understanding of relationships or connections of the subject that you will write about. Don’t turn your Harvard outline into a simple list of points because it must be more complex and elaborated to help you write winning academic papers. PLACE YOUR ORDER Why should you make your good plan? Writing a good Harvard outline can help you achieve the following basic goals: Understand everything you read in relevant sources of information; Identify important connections in your researched materials; Find out more about your chosen topic; Complete academic assignments in a more organized manner. When to apply your Harvard outline? You should learn how to use this formatting style and apply it with your judgement because it’s best for: Students who prefer a clear organization that helps them write logical papers; Subjects that you can clearly organized based on their hierarchical levels; Communicating related information to your targeted audience effectively; Using phrases (not sentences) to write down major ideas for your future assignment. The key purpose of creating your essay plan is to get a brief and organized document to simplify the entire process and make it faster. Organize all facts logically and effectively with its help. Having a detailed plan of your future paper can help you organize all ideas and see where you should add more information or which ones don’t fit into your writing. If you use your Harvard outline to structure interesting thoughts, it will let you know where you require more data. Major gaps reflect a need for extra research. Ensure that your essay plan contains all the sections (introduction with your thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion) necessary to provide readers with a smooth flow of ideas. Summing Up Before you start completing any academic assignment, read its detailed instructions to find out more about your teachers’ expectations linked to formatting and outlining. What if they ask you to create your outline based on Harvard rules? Use the above-mentioned tips to be guided in the right direction. If you find this academic task confusing or difficult, you shouldn’t feel upset because you can always rely on our quality custom paper writing services. Contact our qualified and trained specialists online. Entrust them all of your college worries because they’re ready to help you solve your problems 24 hours per day. We know how to help struggling students. Our online services are affordable, effective, and fast.

Authorization Definition - How Federal Agencies are Born

Authorization Definition - How Federal Agencies are Born Did you ever wonder how a federal program or agency came into being? Or why they theres a battle every year over whether they should receive taxpayer money for their operations? The answer is in the federal authorization process. An authorization is defined as a piece of  legislation that establishes or continues one or  more federal agencies or programs, according to the government. An authorization bill that become law either creates a new agency or program and then allows for it to be funded by taxpayer money. An authorization bill typically sets how much money those agencies and programs get, and how they should spend the money.   Authorization bills can create both permanent and temporary programs. Examples of permanent programs are Social Security and Medicare, which are often referred to as  entitlement programs.  Other programs that are not statutorily provided for on a permanent basis are funded annually or every few years as part of the appropriations process. So the creation of federal programs and agencies happens through the authorization process. And the existence of those programs and agencies is perpetuated through the appropriations process. Heres a closer look at the authorization process and the appropriation process.   Authorization Definition   Congress and the president establish programs through the authorization process. Congressional committees with jurisdiction over specific subject areas write the legislation. The term â€Å"authorization† is used because this type of legislation authorizes the expenditure of funds from the federal budget. An authorization may specify how much money should be spent on a program, but it does not actually set aside the money. The allocation of taxpayer money happens during the appropriations process. Many programs are authorized for a specific amount of time. The committees are supposed to review the programs before their expiration to determine how well they are working and whether they should continue to receive funding. Congress has, on occasion, created programs without funding them. In one of the most high-profile examples, the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No Child Left Behind† education bill  passed during the George W. Bush administration was an authorization bill that established a number of programs to improve the nation’s schools. It did not, however, say the federal  government  would  definitely spend money on the programs. An authorization bill is rather like a necessary hunting license for an appropriation rather than a guarantee, writes  Auburn University political scientist Paul Johnson.  No appropriation can be made for an unauthorized program, but even an authorized program may still die or be unable to perform all its assigned functions for lack of a sufficiently large appropriation of funds. Appropriations Definition In appropriations bills, Congress and the president state the amount of money that will be spent on federal programs during the next fiscal year.   In general, the appropriations process addresses the discretionary portion of the budget – spending ranging from national defense to food safety to education to federal employee salaries, but excludes mandatory spending, such as Medicare and Social Security, which is spent automatically according to formulas, says the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. There are 12 appropriations subcommittees in each house of Congress. They are divided among broad subject areas and each writes an annual appropriations measure. The 12 appropriations subcommittees in the House and Senate are: Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related AgenciesCommerce, Justice, Science, and Related AgenciesDefenseEnergy and Water DevelopmentFinancial Services and General GovernmentHomeland SecurityInterior, Environment, and Related AgenciesLabor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related AgenciesLegislative BranchMilitary Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related AgenciesState, Foreign Operations, and Related ProgramsTransportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Sometimes programs dont get the necessary funding during the appropriations process even though theyve been authorized.  In perhaps the most glaring example, critics of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† education law  say that while Congress and the Bush administration created the program in the authorization process, they never adequately sought to fund them through the appropriations process.   It is possible for Congress and the president to authorize a program but not to follow through with funding for it. Problems With the Authorization and Appropriations System There are a couple of problems with the authorization and appropriations  process. First, Congress has failed to review and reauthorize many programs. But  it also has not let those programs expire. The House and Senate simply waive their rules and set aside money for the programs anyway. Second, the difference between authorizations and appropriations confuses most voters. Most people assume that if a program is created by the federal government  it is also funded. Thats wrong.   [This article was updated in July 2016 by U.S. Politics Expert Tom Murse.]

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER MUHAMMAD YUNUS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNER MUHAMMAD YUNUS - Essay Example The value that Grameen Bank gives to the people offers it the breathing ground to permit itself to look at the potential and capability of an individual to improve his/her life. No longer is it limited to Bangladesh but also to other parts of the globe. The reliance it gives to the people becomes a leeway for the building of confidence of the people it serves. By giving them the capital to start with they are entrusted with their own fate. In such they are empowered to rise above their current situation. â€Å"Every single individual on earth has both the potential and the right to live a decent life. Across cultures and civilizations, Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development† (Yunus Centre, par. 4). What Yunus has done is virtually unthinkable in a capitalist perspective. No corporate bank in its right mind would lend money to someone who has little to no liquidable asset, much more, someone who is without euphemism ‘dirtpoor.’ It is basically like having your cake and eating it too, being able to capitalize while doing something good is just an idea in the corporate world. But this is the essence of how Yunus goes about his advocacy. Besides the core principle of making a machination of money, Grameen Bank is aimed to improve the lives of people before anything else. A radical concept that is pushed further into fruition through the merger of Danone, a French food company and the Grameen Group which will sell healthy and enhanced yogurt to underprivileged children. These investors immediately gets reimbursement for their preliminary stake as soon as it delivers profit which is fundamentally the money reverting to help others. Through this there is no pressure on t he shareholders, a ‘social business’ on a multinational scale (Kiviat, par. 1-2). The organization boasts of a number of testimonials from people who were able to successfully have their own small business through

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University Thesis

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University male students in the Kingdom of Bahrain - Thesis Example Technology has become the mantra of this generation. Cyber technology has allowed people to access the world at their fingertips. No matter how comfortable life today is, we cannot deny the fact that more and more people are being stressed a lot. We now live in a fast-paced environment where people wake up early in the morning, start their day with a cup of coffee, and then rush off to school or work. Some even juggle work and school at the same time. Living through a day is one big headache. Sometimes, some detest getting up in the morning. No matter how convenient living in this century is, it does not always equal to happiness. There are events in one’s life that may cause one to be unhappy. These unpleasant events are one of the causes of tension headache. What is tension headache? Tension headache or tension-type headache is the most common type of chronic recurring head pain (Blanda). According to the International Headache Society, tension - type headache is the most co mmon type of primary headache: its lifetime prevalence in the general population ranges in different studies from 30 to 78%. At the same time, it is the least studied of the primary headache disorders, despite the fact that it has the highest socio-economic impact. It can be further classified as episodic headache, chronic tension-type headache.... There may be mild nausea, photophobia or phonophobia. According to Schwartz, Stewart, Simon and Lipton, tension-type headache is a highly prevalent condition. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, tension headaches affects up to 78% of the general population. It is also the most neglected and undertreated type of headache. Tension – type headache has no specific cause. It is often triggered by emotional tension, anxiety, tiredness or stress. It can affect both young and old. Young students who seem to be healthy but have a lifestyle full of stress often put themselves at a very high risk for tension headaches. Treatment goals for tension headache usually includes analgesics and massage therapy. Through the help of evidenced - based practice, new approaches towards tension headache emerged. Physiotherapy has greatly contributed in the treatment of tension headaches. Despite the comfortable lifestyle that people have, the incidence of tension headache is increa sing. There is evidence that biofeedback, yoga and relaxation techniques can help relieve pain and lower the number of headaches (University of Maryland Medical Center). This study focuses on the prevalence of tension headache across college departments as it relates to the difficulty of courses. Statement of the Problem This research aims to look into the relationship of course difficulty and the incidence of tension headache among the male students of Ahlia University in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the frequency of occurrence of tension headache among the respondents? 2. What is the common characteristic of pain among the

Discuss The Effects That Multinational companies can have on a host Essay

Discuss The Effects That Multinational companies can have on a host acountry - Essay Example The many economic benefits to host countries have prompted many countries around the world, including developed and developing countries to focusing on attracting multinational companies or foreign direct investments as they are also called. Even countries that were otherwise hostile to these types of investments have been seeing them in a positive light. The targeting of these multinational companies has become an important development strategy as countries such as Ireland provide grants towards start up costs and research and development (Jensen 2006:38 ). One effect that multinational companies have on a host country is the economic and financial benefits that are gained by the host country. Especially in developing countries this is a welcome change for both the worker and the political directorate. High employment levels are a panacea for political and social stability. In many cases multinational companies pay higher wages than local companies. The high demand for workers also contributes to the higher wages. The workers also receive training in technology, management, and entrepreneurial expertise that can be transferred to other facilities and areas in the country. Some employees also receive training in the parent company overseas. Consequently, the host now will now have a more highly skilled workforce that will be better able to compete with other countries. The host country will also receive economic gain through revenues paid to the government. Generally the companies are subjected to the different tax guidelines of the countries. In many cases the bargaining power of the host country helps these countries in securing major financial benefits. These tax incentives will increase economic growth and progress and will also help in stabilizing local currencies. The host country will also benefit from improved and new infrastructure. These developments help not only as an immediate benefit but in the long run as well.

Business Advantage from E-Commerce in Fashion Industry Essay - 1

Business Advantage from E-Commerce in Fashion Industry - Essay Example Internet marketing or e tailing offers other distinct advantages of (Marciniak & Bruce, 2009, p.259). Fernie & Sparks (2009) proposed a model that stated the use of technology for ensuring procurement practices at the organization. The model largely states the use of technology intensive software packages as well as use of online channel to facilitate competitive advantage(Fernie & Sparks, 2009, p.29). Outbound logistics for e-tailing industry implies the cost for delivery of goods to the customers. The revenue margin gained from cost savings in inbound logistics helps in taking care of the cost of outbound logistics. Fashion retailers can be classified into four main categories namely, brick and mortar based retailers, virtual e-retailers, catalogue based retailers and multi-channel retailers. Internet has largely changed the supply chain dynamics of the fashion retailers with firms trying to use the internet for developing better relationships with the customers (Marciniak & Bruce, 2009, p.260). Internet based online marketing firstly helps in providing efficient and fast service to the customers as e-tailing helps in integrating the sales activities with after sales support to generate greater value for the customers. Secondly, cost based advantages include reduced cost of inbound logistics as firms eliminate many intermediaries who serve to reduce the margins while not adding any significant value to the product offering. Thirdly firms also get access to a large database of customers which can be subjected to data mining techniques to generate competitive advantage (Windischhofer, 2003, p.24) . Marketing and supply chain management practices are largely correlated with each other. Marketing strategies are essentially forming the basis for supply chain activities of an organization. Supply chain strategies are largely the outcomes of the relationship between the suppliers.

Privacy in Biometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Privacy in Biometrics - Essay Example Although there are various advantages of using biometrics technology, such as its validity and authenticity and its wide-ranging utilization in passports, identity cards, attendance systems, etc. In the field of information technology, biometrics refers to â€Å"those technologies that measure and analyze human characteristics such as DNA, eye retina, irises, fingerprints, voice pattern, facial pattern and hand measurements† (Rouse, 2008). In this paper, the focus will remain on the use of fingerprints as the major characteristics for identifying a person. More importantly, the paper will include discussion and arguments regarding some of the issues that arise due to usage of biometrics publicly (Woodward, 2003, pp. 23-25). Although biometrics has resulted in number of benefits to the organizations in terms of identity management, however, the advancement of this technology and the application of this technology on public level have raised various questions regarding the accur acy of this technology along with privacy and confidentiality of the data that has been one of the major issues related to biometrics. Expansion in the utilization of internet has been one of the foremost reasons that have resulted in greater utilization of biometrics in various parts of the world. Nowadays, biometrics has become one of the most suitable and affordable solution for organizations to identify their employees for identification purpose at entry and exit locations, as well as during attendance on daily basis. At the same time, biometrics has also helped e-commerce industry to progress by ensuring security of data in finance-related organizations such as banks, shopping centers, etc that now use biometrics technology (Zhang, 2006, pp. 31-38) to prevent any fraudulent actions that usually occur in absence of such technologies. One of the basic reasons of huge popularity of biometrics technology has been its use by the law enforcement agencies around the world that has res ulted in its usage on mass level. While this utilization became the reason of its popularity, it has resulted in initiation of debates regarding the confidentiality and security of the data; in other words, data and information management by the law enforcement agencies and various governments globally (Ex-sight, n.d.). Discussion As mentioned earlier in the paper, biometrics while providing enormous number of advantages in terms of identification and verification of individuals in terms of their characteristics, it has resulted in various ethical, social, and professional issues that have been the major focus of this paper. Most importantly, personal privacy is the foremost issue that has remained under debate related to biometrics for a long time. Analysis of literature (Campisi, 2013, pp. 11-17) has indicated that although biometrics technology allows organizations and law enforcement agencies to identify an individual and trace a criminal out of the huge population, it is a dire ct failure to comply with human rights regulations for privacy and anonymity. At various platforms, there have been protests regarding the inappropriate usage of biometric data by law enforcement agencies, which results in an adverse impact on right of freedom of the public. Besides breach of personal privacy, biometrics techno

Disscusion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disscusion 1 - Essay Example This negativity is what leads to cohabitation effect (which is an association between cohabitation and poor marital outcome) and what discourages some people (such as the staunch Christians, the aged or those who have had previous experience) from cohabiting. Commitment theory is used to explain and make people understand how cohabitation leads to divorce or even distress. The theory is divided into two commitments: the dedication and constraint commitments. Dedication commitment explains how couples who stay together have dreams and plans about their long term future and is also characterized by putting the needs of the other partner first. In cases of cohabitation, dedication is minimal and hence partners end up leaving each other. The constraint commitment on the other hand explains how there are forces in a relationship that facilitate people leaving or having unhappy relationships including values, children’s welfare and even social pressure. Premarital and marital counseling according to Hawkins (1991) insists on ensuring strong healthy relationship that is based on a long term commitment to a partner. It is the lack of this long term commitment (brought about by cohabiting which is not a long term commitment) that leads to break up of couples relationship and an increase in divorce cases. Premarital counseling advocates for communication when couples are in a relationship. This communication leads to deeper intimacy, love, understanding and having tolerance to each other and to the relationship issues in general. People in a cohabitation type of relationship do not feel committed and hence do not bother with issues of thinking and planning about the future let alone dedicate themselves to open communication. This sets up a bad example to others cohabiting or wanting to cohabit and hence the negative attitude towards this form of relationship. The negative

Privacy in Biometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Privacy in Biometrics - Essay Example Although there are various advantages of using biometrics technology, such as its validity and authenticity and its wide-ranging utilization in passports, identity cards, attendance systems, etc. In the field of information technology, biometrics refers to â€Å"those technologies that measure and analyze human characteristics such as DNA, eye retina, irises, fingerprints, voice pattern, facial pattern and hand measurements† (Rouse, 2008). In this paper, the focus will remain on the use of fingerprints as the major characteristics for identifying a person. More importantly, the paper will include discussion and arguments regarding some of the issues that arise due to usage of biometrics publicly (Woodward, 2003, pp. 23-25). Although biometrics has resulted in number of benefits to the organizations in terms of identity management, however, the advancement of this technology and the application of this technology on public level have raised various questions regarding the accur acy of this technology along with privacy and confidentiality of the data that has been one of the major issues related to biometrics. Expansion in the utilization of internet has been one of the foremost reasons that have resulted in greater utilization of biometrics in various parts of the world. Nowadays, biometrics has become one of the most suitable and affordable solution for organizations to identify their employees for identification purpose at entry and exit locations, as well as during attendance on daily basis. At the same time, biometrics has also helped e-commerce industry to progress by ensuring security of data in finance-related organizations such as banks, shopping centers, etc that now use biometrics technology (Zhang, 2006, pp. 31-38) to prevent any fraudulent actions that usually occur in absence of such technologies. One of the basic reasons of huge popularity of biometrics technology has been its use by the law enforcement agencies around the world that has res ulted in its usage on mass level. While this utilization became the reason of its popularity, it has resulted in initiation of debates regarding the confidentiality and security of the data; in other words, data and information management by the law enforcement agencies and various governments globally (Ex-sight, n.d.). Discussion As mentioned earlier in the paper, biometrics while providing enormous number of advantages in terms of identification and verification of individuals in terms of their characteristics, it has resulted in various ethical, social, and professional issues that have been the major focus of this paper. Most importantly, personal privacy is the foremost issue that has remained under debate related to biometrics for a long time. Analysis of literature (Campisi, 2013, pp. 11-17) has indicated that although biometrics technology allows organizations and law enforcement agencies to identify an individual and trace a criminal out of the huge population, it is a dire ct failure to comply with human rights regulations for privacy and anonymity. At various platforms, there have been protests regarding the inappropriate usage of biometric data by law enforcement agencies, which results in an adverse impact on right of freedom of the public. Besides breach of personal privacy, biometrics techno

Criminological Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminological Theories - Essay Example Under this theory, a crime is committed after the person has decided to commit the crime out of need for money and other material factors that they thought could enhance their lives. This theory is considered to be connected to the Crime Prevention Theory due to the application of "opportunity prevention techniques" in both theories. The so-called "opportunity prevention techniques" are said to be done to increase the endeavor necessary to a crime, to increase the calculated risks of trepidation, to reduce the probable rewards of a crime, and to remove the reasons that complies with existing laws ("Rational Choice Theory", 2006). Trait theories are derived from a psychological perspective. Perpetrators are said to be different form a "normal" individual because of certain physical and psychological traits. Some of these traits are highly recognizable in individuals that have criminal tendencies and more often than not, crimes are committed because of exposure to society. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that individuals are influenced not only from biological factors but from their own experiences as well. The existence of extroverts and introverts are said to be part of this. theory (Jung, C G., Baynes, H. G., & Baynes, C. F., 1928). Not only that it states in the theory that these traits can easily identify the persons having them but it is also makes it possible to determine their behavior of these individuals in the future. Social structure theories on the other hand states that most people follow the law because they are concerned about their personal commitments and relationships as well as their set of values, norms and beliefs. The more an individual values these factors, the less likely they are to commit a crime. This theory at ways in which criminal tendencies can be reduced, proposing that socialization and social learning will strengthen self-control and prevent anti-social behavior in individuals. This particular theory is based on the Functionalist theory, which has four types of control ("Social Control Theory, 2006"). The first type of control is Direct, which is the application of punishment or rewards towards awful and exemplary behavior respectively. Indirect control, on the other hand is the suppression of crime through one's conscience or superego. The third one is Internal control that establishes control by associating emotional pain and disappointment of one's loved ones or kin whe never he or she commits an unruly act. Finally, Control through needs satisfaction suppresses negative behavior by satisfying the needs of the individual ("Social Control Theory", 2006). The Social process theory seeks to explain the occurrence and suppression of deviant behavior by looking at multiple variables and their combinations. This theory is most applicable to individuals who are most akin to commit deviant actions (Akers, 1973). Groups such as gangs, fraternities and peer groups offer "advantages" and other tempting rewards to encourage individuals to join them (especially young individuals) even if they are known to perform criminally inclined acts. The group could offer psychological advantages such as gaining popularity or material. These advantages are used by the groups as some kind of reinforcement for joining that group. Criminal acts

Personal Ethics Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics Essay Personal ethics comes from inside and are influenced by our everyday life and people around us. The directions we obtain as a child helps to form and begin our awareness of ethics. My upbringing memoirs and experiences instilled a well-built belief in family structure and significance of family in general. I was fortunate to be born and brought up in India in a traditional Roman Catholic family. My father was a doctor and he died of heart attack when I was ten years old. My mother was a registered nurse and I have three older brothers and one younger sister. My mother went to the Middle East to work as a nurse and had to leave us in a boarding school. I missed my mother a lot while I was in the boarding school. That was when I decided what I wanted to do. My only ambition was to become a nurse to be with my mother. I always used to watch my parents caring sick people. My parents constantly reminded me to live in Christian faith. They led us by example all the time, providing precious lessons vital to my development. My parents taught me to treat others as we would want them to treat us. I also learned from my parents that every person is important and we should love and respect them. I strive to live by those set of laws, though it is not always easy. My faith also influences my philosophy. I believe in God and God has a plan and purpose for every one of us. This is the basis of my ethical practices. Each individual cultivates different cultural, spiritual and personal values from their own life experiences which add to their worldview and philosophy of nursing in their practice. To me ethics is my own personal belief structure. Knowing our own personal values is critical to every person. My moral compass in nursing offers highest priority for the wellbeing of patients. My moral courage helps me to speak up, stand up for my personal belief and moral values and bring about change in my work place. The persona l and professional values, my relationship and behaviors to others and my morals help me succeed in my personal and professional life. Our conscience acts as a judge for each one of us. We are responsible for our actions. I believe that God is using me as a tool to care for the needy by providing me the knowledge and ability to promote healing. I also believe in the power of prayer. My patients used to tell me I am always smiling. I believe that it is the gift of God and being a nurse is, a calling not just a career. World view is a personal insight about meaning and reality. It helps the person to interprets, through his or her own eyes, a personal belief about the world. My personal worldview is shaped by my Christian religion, origin as an Indian, circumstances, experiences, and education and philosophy. I accept God as the center of the universe. I believe that I am a good mother for my three kids, faithful wife to my husband and an excellent nurse. I also believe in afterlife. I take pride in my profession. My nursing philosophy comes from my desire to care for others. I consider that nursing care is based on c oncrete evidence that is provided within a respectful framework. I always treat my patients the way I wanted to be treated if I am in that situation. Nurses are honored to interact with patients and families at some of the most vulnerable points in their lives. Being considerate of that vulnerability is important. Being respectful of my health care team is also important, as I consider that each of us play a fundamental role in the care of patients and families that we provide. I believe that God is using me as a tool to care for the needy by providing me the knowledge and ability to promote healing. It is essential for the nurses to understand their own selves so that they are able to take care of their patients better. I believe that spirituality plays an important role in the nursing profession. I think that the care of the soul is the beauty of the art of caring in nursing. The values such as integrity, responsibility, trust, reliability, and honesty are some of the personal values, which will determine how we face the world. Reliability and responsibility are very important to ones professional and personal life. Culture is something that a person learns from his family and surroundings, and is not inbuilt in him from birth. My upbringing as a Christian in Southern part of India, active participation in church activities and catholic schooling have helped me to value human dignity and assist me to take right decision in my personal and professional life. Awareness of different rules about how their members coexist with each other and interact with each other. Some cultures believe that discussing death, making a living will can invite death to the person who is ill. Looking at the life in different ways should be respected always (Runzheimer Larsen, 2011). Cultural diversity and differences in personal values can direct our relations with patients, family, and co-workers. Cultural competence is the ability to provide effective care for patients and families and our co- workers who come from different cultures. To understand different cultural beliefs and practices requires flexibility and a respect for others viewpoints . Ethical issues occur in everyday practices. An ethical dilemma is described as a type of situation that involves being in between two correct courses of action that leads the person to choose the right move and still be wrong at the same time (Purtillo, 2011). This can cause a lot of distress as it encompasses both ethical conflict and conduct. The ethical decision what we make should respect the patient and family desires, physician’s belief and concepts on life and death in our own view. Many situations arise in the critical care where nurses and doctors are obligated to make ethical decisions in a short period of time. Few years back I came across a situation in our ICU. A 90 year old woman from nursing home got admitted with history of multiple strokes with weakness on her right side, emphysema and difficulty in swallowing. She was demented also. Her admission diagnosis was aspiration pneumonia. She had two children and her son was the health care proxy who was living in C alifornia and he couldn’t come to visit her mother because of some personal situation. Patient’s daughter who was living locally was taking care of her. The daughter wanted to place the feeding tube and treat for every problem. We respected the daughter’s decision. We started her on antibiotics. We placed the feeding tube and and started feeding her. Day by day her respiratory status started deteriorating. The attending physician contacted the patient’s son over the phone and explained the patient’s condition in detail. Apparently, we found out from him that the patient had a living will that stated she did not want any feeding tube or even antibiotics in a situation where her quality of life was poor. Fortunately patient’s son came with her living will and our hospital ethics committee had a talk with her family especially the daughter. Because the patient’s wishes were clearly stated in the living will, she was made comfortable and transferred her to a private room to allow the family to be with her all the time and she died peacefully after one day. In this situation, the daughter wanted to treat her mother even though she knew about her wishes and she did not tell us anything about the patient’s living will. She was acting unrealistic in this situation. The decision was tough for the daughter in this situation. In my view the physician made the right choice to contact her son that put an end to her sufferings. Nurses can make satisfactory solutions to the different ethical problems through creative and knowledge based approach. Each nurse has the responsibility to optimize the caring response and reduce damage to the patient. .â€Å" Nurses are leaders and vigilant advocates for the delivery of dignified and humane care. Nurses actively participate in assessing and assuring the responsible and appropriate use of intervention in order to minimize unwarranted or unwanted treatment and patient suffering† (American Nurses Association, 2001). The significant impact we make in the lives of our patients and their families in their vulnerable situations and the positive encouragement I get from my nurse manager, co-workers, patients and families keeps me moving in my profession. References American Nurses Association (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.sfcc.edu/files/SFCC NursingStudentHandbook Purtilo, R., Doherty, R. (2011). Ethical dimensions in the health professions. (5th ed.). P (5-10) St.Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. Role of the Registered professional nurse. June 8, 2005. Retrieved on June 6, 2012 from http://www.nysna.org/practice/positions/position6.htm Runzheimer, J., Larsen, L. (2011). Medical ethics for dummies. (p. 113). NJ: WileyPublishing.

The Book Of Judges :: essays research papers

The book of Judges is the sequel to Joshua. It is the seventh book of the Old Testament. It recounts stories and events from the death of the hebrew leader and prophet Joshua to the birth of the hebrew Samuel. That is roughly, from the end of the Israelite conquest of Canan in the 13th Century B.C to the begining of the monarchy in the 11 th century B.C. It tells about the hebrews from Joshua’s Death to the time of Samuel. It was written in about 550 BC, on tablets named the Ras Shamra tablets. The Ras Shamra tablets where later discovered in the early 20th Century, even though the stories and acountings of the judges where already known and written. The book of Judges belongs to a specific historical tradition which is called the Deuteronomic history. The author of the book of Judges, was in exile in Babylonia. While in exile he was deeply concerned with foreign domination. So he wrote many of his stories on the migration of the tribe of Dan to the North and the sins of the B enjamites. The author emphasized that Israel was being influenced by foreign powers and the loss of freedom and prosperity. Recurring throughout the book is the stereotyped formula: "The people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the lord." Then after each period or subjection the author introduces another formula: " But when the people of Israel cried the Lord, the Lord raised up a deliverer for the people. Through-out the book, the book of judges tells about prophets, rulers and influencial people such as: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tilian and Samson. There are also many more minor people. The name of the book is very deceptive, because there weren’t any judges at all, nor any judges notified of this book been written. The word Judges was actually a translation for the hebrew word "Shofet" which signifies a ruler or a great military ruler, which through out the book, influencial people such as Samson and or even Joshua are described as the Judges. The book of judges is supprisingly part of the book of prophets, because many prophets are mentioned and reported apon.

T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay -- Eliot Love So

T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Works Cited Not Included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, a poem by T.S. Eliot, provides an abundant source of material for applying Freudian analysis.[1] Specifically, it is the character Prufrock who supplies this rich source. Although many Freudian themes could have been addressed in relation to Prufrock, in this paper it will be narrowed to the prevalent themes of ambivalence and cultural frustration found in Freudπs work and the contributing role the super-ego plays in their occurrence. In fact, Prufrock exemplifies ambivalence and its necessary conditions so well that Freud himself would have probably labeled him a neurotic. Before applying Freudian analysis to Prufrock, it is important to address one issue that will have an immediate effect on the interpretation of the poem. It stems from the following translated passage found in Danteπs Inferno that appears right before the body of the poem. The passage is spoken by a person within the eighth chasm of hell.[2] If I believed that my answer would be To someone who would ever return to earth, This flame would move no more, But because no one from this gulf Has ever returned alive, if what I hear is true, I can reply with no fear of infamy. (Eliot, 3) Although this passage may suggest that Prufrock is speaking to someone who he can trust, his character would suggest otherwise. Prufrock is far too consciously anxious when it comes to what people think of him. This can be displayed by his enduring indecisiveness found in the many questions he asks throughout the poem, such as, ≥Do I dare / Disturb the universe?≤ (45-46) and ≥S... ...y. The issue of sexual repression, an example being when he asks "Do I dare to eat a peach?" (125), could easily be another thematic focus. Also, one could focus on the dream-like structure of the poem, and how the issues of manifest and latent content come into play. Of course, as alluded to, repression (not just the sexual kind) is extremely prevalent throughout the poem, and would thus provide an excellent case study for Freudian analysis. However, it was interesting to address the issues of ambivalence and cultural frustration because when applying these to the poem Prufrock's character began to make more sense. There was an explanation provided for his previously inexplicable behavior. Also, there was a vivid example of Freudian theory at work. In this sense, the coupling of Freudian theory and this poem, made both even more comprehensible and enriching. T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay -- Eliot Love So T.S. Eliot's The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Works Cited Not Included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, a poem by T.S. Eliot, provides an abundant source of material for applying Freudian analysis.[1] Specifically, it is the character Prufrock who supplies this rich source. Although many Freudian themes could have been addressed in relation to Prufrock, in this paper it will be narrowed to the prevalent themes of ambivalence and cultural frustration found in Freudπs work and the contributing role the super-ego plays in their occurrence. In fact, Prufrock exemplifies ambivalence and its necessary conditions so well that Freud himself would have probably labeled him a neurotic. Before applying Freudian analysis to Prufrock, it is important to address one issue that will have an immediate effect on the interpretation of the poem. It stems from the following translated passage found in Danteπs Inferno that appears right before the body of the poem. The passage is spoken by a person within the eighth chasm of hell.[2] If I believed that my answer would be To someone who would ever return to earth, This flame would move no more, But because no one from this gulf Has ever returned alive, if what I hear is true, I can reply with no fear of infamy. (Eliot, 3) Although this passage may suggest that Prufrock is speaking to someone who he can trust, his character would suggest otherwise. Prufrock is far too consciously anxious when it comes to what people think of him. This can be displayed by his enduring indecisiveness found in the many questions he asks throughout the poem, such as, ≥Do I dare / Disturb the universe?≤ (45-46) and ≥S... ...y. The issue of sexual repression, an example being when he asks "Do I dare to eat a peach?" (125), could easily be another thematic focus. Also, one could focus on the dream-like structure of the poem, and how the issues of manifest and latent content come into play. Of course, as alluded to, repression (not just the sexual kind) is extremely prevalent throughout the poem, and would thus provide an excellent case study for Freudian analysis. However, it was interesting to address the issues of ambivalence and cultural frustration because when applying these to the poem Prufrock's character began to make more sense. There was an explanation provided for his previously inexplicable behavior. Also, there was a vivid example of Freudian theory at work. In this sense, the coupling of Freudian theory and this poem, made both even more comprehensible and enriching.

John Smith and William Bradford

John Smith and William Bradford were both great early explorers. Smith and Bradford had both many similarities and differences when it came to such topics as Leadership, Interaction with Native Americans, and Success in Arrival. John Smith was an explorer from the Virginia Company. He was always known as a good leader but he had one flaw. His sarcastic attitude was always getting him in trouble. It almost got him killed when he was captured by the Powhatan tribe. The only thing that saved him from execution was Pocohontas, the chiefs daughter.Smith was scheduled to arrive in Virginia because everyone on his charter were to work there as endentured servants. But Smith never ended up landing in Virginia, his charter ended up landing in Plymouth MA. William Bradford was an Explorer aboard the Mayflower and also had a lot to do with the Mayflower compact. Thankfully, Bradford never really had any problems with the native americans. He actually made peace with a Native American by the nam e of Squanto. While aboard the Mayflower, Bradford experienced a very tough journey. The ship was over crowded, they experienced bad weather, there was much disease, and a lack of necessary supplies.Once they finally made it to America though it was well worth it. Their primary reason for leaving was to escape their tyrannical King. Now that they were in a new country they weren't forced to worship him anymore. In conclusion, Smith and Bradford had both many similarities and differences when it came to such topics as Leadership, Interaction with Native Americans, and Success in Arrival. They were some of the first to colonize what the U. S. is today and they had an incredible impact on American Literature with the documents and journals that they left behind.

Ipad vs. Galaxy Tablet

When you want to surf the Internet, what gadgets do you most commonly use: laptop computers, smart phones, or cell phones? Nowadays, many people have smart phones and laptops. However, we now also have access to tablets. So now we will compare two of the newest most commonly used tablets. One is the new iPad, manufactures by Apple, and the other is the Galaxy tablet note 10. 1, by Samsung. The tablets are quite expensive, the iPad is however priced at $629 and the galaxy note is $499. Both are high-resolution tablets.One can get normal usage out of the two if the batteries are fully charged. The main difference lies in the operating software and various other features, one being iOS whereas the latter is android. First of all we will examine the size. The new iPad is 9. 50 inches high and 7. 31 inches wide. On the other hand, the Galaxy note is 10. 3 inches high and 7. 1 inches wide. Hence, the Galaxy note is a bit bigger than the iPad. These sizes are almost half of a laptop. But th e depths of the tablet are very different from a laptop.Galaxy note is a little thinner than the iPad. Moreover, there are great differences in their connections; the Galaxy note has a USB port whereas the iPad does not. The iPad supports 3G Internet, 4G Internet and Wi-Fi Internet, none of which are supported by the Galaxy note. Another important aspect of the two is their respective weights. The new iPad is 1. 44 pounds whereas the Galaxy note is 1. 31 pounds. These are like 20 oz. plastic bottles of water. This makes the iPad a little heavier than the Galaxy note.It is a small difference but it plays a big role because tablets are used frequently and are very useful. They are supposed to be portable for daily use and flexible usage. Finally, we will focus on their prices and critique some reviews. Both these devices have a rating of 4. 5. However, the Galaxy note is priced at a reasonable rate and is more affordable. According to phonearena. com â€Å"From a distance, the two lo ok similar to one another, but once we’re able to grasp both in our hands, the new iPad is able to deliver the impactful wow factor thanks to its premium feel.Well, it’s not to say that the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10. 1 isn’t a bad looker, especially when it’s the lighter and slightly thinner tablet, but its all-plastic body doesn’t have the allure to match the impeccable industrial design of the iPad. † After analyzing all these facts I would say that the iPad is any day better because of its superior features and premium construction. However, it’s a person choice which one they prefer to use as the Galaxy is no far behind in the market either.It all depends on the person’s comfort level and personal choice. In conclusion, As per my personal opinion I would choose the iPad first but since it’s a little more expensive I would be inclined to choose the Galaxy note. We have to consider company value and accessories when choosin g a new gadget. We should also check out reviews on amazon. com and other ‘technology geeks’ websites to have a better understanding of what we are spending our money on.

Leadership Role

Leadership RoleIntroductionâ€Å"Leadership is an interactive conversation that pulls people to ward becoming comfortable with the language of personal responsibility and commitment (â€Å"What are leaderships? http://home.att.net/~coachthee/Archives/leadership.html )†.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leaders are born, not made, once a leader, Is always a leader (â€Å"Leaderships: What is it? http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffile)†.Leadership is applicable to all facets of your life: competencies that you can learn to expand your perspective, set the context of a goal, understands the dynamics of human behavior and take the initiative to get to where you want to beA leader is the possession of the inborn characteristics desirable in leader plus the learned skills, knowledge and techniques which bring this potential to realization.One of the most important daily tasks of a leader is to develop leaders.  Leader development for many is a challenge.  It requires you to trust others.  It requi res you to allow others to perhaps fail in order to learn.This Paper will deal about the real experience encountered by an individual and proved to himself that he is a significant leader to his family and to all the people in his community. Here is a short story telling us how he becomes a good leader in his own way.Being a leader is a gift from God, not all of us in this world has a talent to become a leader. And this man who migrated from Peru to United States with his family proved that he is a significant leader. In United States, he is the first to learned English and is adjusted into American life quickly; he served as tutor to his parents to adjust the environment. He becomes the official translator in their household. Even helping his mother to read foods and medicines labels. He is the one find initiative in convincing the landlord to help his father to fill out their residency applications. At the early age his parents are totally dependent on him and it helps him how to become a mature minded person.In United States, he witnesses the sacrifices of his parents adjusting themselves for a new life just to provide him better future. They struggled hard working 20 hours a day to meet their dreams in America. Being a good leader, seeing the sacrifices of his parents he study hard and become an excellent student.Throughout the years, hi is a model to his little sisters, and members of his extended family who admire him for all of his accomplishments. He is also very fortunate to travel many places which make him learn and speak different languages like: Japanese, French, German, English and Spanish. During his High School days he becomes a member of the Rotary International Scholar who sent him to Japan.This leader was also the first in the family who graduated from an American University, which makes him so special for all the members in the family. And based on his qualifications he is hired and have good jobs with powerful corporations and government e ntities.Based on his accomplishments, his family admires him so much and looks him as a role model and a significant leader in the family, and they are the one who help me push himself to be successful in his chosen career, and in return push them to follow his footsteps by leading all of them to their way to success.He believed that his family was depending on him, because he knows that being an immigrant to a new place they can’t rely to no one else. And he knows that being a leader to his family and members of his extended family is the most significant role that God has putting on his shoulder. And he also knows that without his family he can’t be what he is now at this time.ConclusionGenerally, in order to become a good leader is to become a good follower and to empower others, you have to trust and be willing to take a risk.  You have to get to know your employees and find what makes them tick.Leadership is not just for people at the top.   Everyone can learn to lead by discovering the power that lies within each one of us to make a difference and  practicing the law of reciprocity. And leadership is applicable to all facets of your life and competencies that you can learn to expand your perspective, to set the context of a goal, and to understand the dynamics of human behavior, and take the initiative to get to where you want to beSuccess lies in being who we are and in the choices we are willing to make for ourselves, not in the fear of what  you should do or be.   Fear is the only thing that holds people back from achieving  personal success. And the goal of our leadership   is to help people pay attention to their intentions and get to where they want to be.References:â€Å"What are leaderships? Retrieved December 19, 2006 from http:// www.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  home.att.net/~coachthee/Archives/leadership.html)†.Leaderships Roles, Retrieved December 19, 2006 from http://www.kbc.org.au/htdocs/leaderroles.htmLeaders Empower, Retrieved December 19, 2006 from http://www.leadernotes.com/topics/Effective-Leadership.html?gclid=CL2rofionokCFRFmYQodVV97Mg

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic - Essay Example vations and recommendations of the Health People 2010, the people of the developed countries in particular the United States have been victimized by two coherent concerns, i.e. the declination of the physical activities, and the record increase in the overweight. The World Health Organization has concluded that physical activity and overweight are the number one and two health indicators (NEHA, 2001). A phenomenal increase in the epidemic has been recorded, the survey conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth concluded that the all racial groups experienced increasing rates of obesity. According to the survey, the participation of the African American and half Caucasian into the physical activity has declined rapidly, and around hundred percent and fifty six percent declination has been observed respectively. The obesity has been responsible for the adolescents grapple with autonomy, issues of self-control, readiness to change, and their relationships with parents and ot her authority figures. The obesity is also a cause for the interference of the process of understanding identity which incorporates self-esteem and self-concept i.e. considered to be a major developmental issue in adolescence. Obesity has been dominant among the adolescent, and such developed characteristics has been inherited by the off spring respectively. The lack of physical activity is the primary factor which has to be undertaken by current generation, and such factor needs to be discarded to avoid obesity. Obesity is not primarily caused by prolong and excessive eating, rather the lack of physical activities also cause obesity. The epidemic has to be resolved through comprehensive, community-based approach, the epidemic has been integrated with the other social issues, and an understanding has been formulated in accordance to which it is civic engagement, physical health, vocational readiness and success, educational attainment, and social and emotional health (NEHA, 2001) ar e

Steps To Starting Career After High School Essay

Steps To Starting Career After High School - Essay Example It is not always late to consider a change in career at such points despite the related costs. Career just as stated earlier should be enjoyable and one must therefore ensure that a success offers such factors of satisfaction without which they should change careers at whichever level. After the successful completion of the training programs, people enter into the market commonly referred to as the job market. This is the ultimate testing grounds for the relative successes that people obtain in colleges and universities. People enter the market differently depending on their abilities coupled with their interests. To most people, a level job is always the best way into the market. This refers to a situation in which one is employed by a corporate organization. Such organizations are profit oriented and therefore trade I labor, they pay for the services that one offers them. As an employee, a person works under binding codes and completes the assignments as designed by the mangers. Di fferent people view employment different, to others it could be the ultimate career while to others it could be the starting point to a career. Whichever the case, people must derive satisfaction in the jobs they do. After collages, people often serve in minor positions at the company since they still lack the experience of undertaking serious assignments without the assistance and the supervision of an established employee of the firm. It is therefore natural to hold different positions at the organization. Whichever the position in the organization, one must ensure satisfaction and interest in the job. This way, the career does not become cumbersome. With time, people earn... This essay shows that there are different types of career opportunities. However, they require effective consideration a feature that dictates that people undertake the different study programs in schools and colleges. Once in the job market, people are likely to face numerous challenges such as competition and career frustrations. Some of such frustrations arise from the lack of immediate employment after completing an academic program. It is, therefore, a prerequisite to developing appropriate personalities to ensure that one develop the versatile personality. Knowledge is expandable and people can acquire different levels of understanding of anything. Experience in an industry is an asset since should the organization fail to recognize it, one reserves the willingness to change companies by applying to other job openings in other companies. People should thereby gain satisfaction from their careers and the positions they serve in the companies. In the absence of such, it is often advisable to either shift careers or changes the employer. However, experience alone does not warrant an improvement, especially in employment. A successful career grows; an individual must, therefore, undertake every activity to ensure the growth of the career. This paper makes a conclusion that to develop an exciting and satisfying career, one should acquire as much knowledge of the industry and related fields in order to have an elaborate understanding of the operations of the industry. This way, a career becomes less stressful.

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Strategic Management - Assignment Example In this case, the SWOT analysis is advantageous to help me develop a strong Hikma business strategy by making sure that I have considered all business strength and weakness besides opportunities and threats it faces in the marketplace. SWOT analysis will help Hikma Pharmaceutical to assess a changing environment and respond proactively by using the noted strengths to maximize the opportunities (strength-opportunities strategies), and using the strengths to minimize the threats (strength-threats strategies) and using the opportunities identified to design strategies that will minimize weaknesses (weakness-opportunity strategies) as well as avoid threats (weakness-threats strategies). The Company has a powerful combination of quality products and extensive sales and marketing capabilities that gives the firm a competitive advantage in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In addition, the Company possesses a successful research and development team and has attractive licensing partners. The Company identifies and develops new generic pharmaceutical products. The Company has a number of opportunities that can make it strategically develop. The company partners with multinational pharmaceutical companies seeking access to the fast growing MENA markets (Hitt, Hoskisson & Ireland, 2013). In addition, the company has a strong product pipeline that is focused on FDA approved and high-quality products in critical therapeutic areas such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders as well as oncology (Darwazah 2010, p. 34). The firm’s facilities in Jordan and Saudi Arabia have been successfully inspected by the FDA that provides the capability to produce products for the United Sates Markets as well as in the MENA region at lower costs. The company faces such threats of stringent drug developments guideline. In addition, there is a fierce competition for

Impact of Racial Relations in America on the Development of Jazz Essay

Impact of Racial Relations in America on the Development of Jazz - Essay Example Jazz in itself is a special kind of music characterized by much improvisation, multiple rhythms, and blue notes and swung accompanied by vocals affiliated to call and response tradition. No doubt, Jazz was originally meant to be dance music. However, courtesy its appeal and tastefulness, it soon gradated to be a part of the contemporary popular music. Today, it would not be wrong to say that Jazz does has an important place in the modern Western classical music. Jazz, though quintessentially an American music form has its roots in the West African musical art forms and expressions (Gioia 1998). It also needs to be mentioned that Jazz borrowed a lot from the European band music (Gioia 1998). Jazz as an American musical art form originated from the city of New Orleans (Gioia 1998). It was the large Creole and Cajun population that inhabited this American city, which blended the elements of French-Canadian culture with their own native notes and rhythms to give way to a special kind of music called Jazz (Gioia 1998). Gradually Jazz expanded its scope to include within its ambit, varied other American urban centres, before it eventually migrated to Europe and other parts of the world. In the 20th century Jazz gave way to many subgenres like bebop, hard bop and free jazz. Race and racial relations did play an important role in the formulation of Jazz music. Music and Race Relations in America Much before the origins of the United States of American the race relations in America had been marked by varied levels of domination of the white race over the blacks. As far as the white Americans were concerned, they were mostly free to choose between different modes of expression available and accessible to them. However, the things were not that simple and easy for the blacks. As is common with any suppressed race or culture, the blacks resorted to modes of expression that were different and in tandem with their essentially African background (Werner 1999, p. 57). The oppr ession impacted varied facets of the social and personal life of the black Americans. The predominant white opinion was that the blacks were inferior to them and they could only become cultured and civilized by adopting the art forms and modes of expression that had their origins in the Western civilization (Werner 1999, p. 36). However, it was easier said than done. In any age and time, it was impossible for a black individual to become white. So, the other possible way out for the blacks was to imitate the white art forms and to harmonize their modes of expression by blending them with the white art forms (Werner 1999, p. 37). In that context, music was particularly an art form which allowed the blacks to register their protest and to give vent to their emotions and feelings in a way that they liked and that was their own. It is evident from the historical facts that each phase of black existence in America had its own distinct musical genre (Werner 1999). Once the slavery was abo lished in America, it created a dire need for new musical solution for the urge to build and bolster a distinct black identity and culture (Peretti 1994, p. 17). In the meantime, New Orleans, which was earlier under the French rule, had a thriving population of Creoles. A significant number of these Creoles were not only proficient in European instruments and European music, but also were conversant with the African drum rhythms and had already given way to a musical form that was later known as Jazz (Peretti 1994). The free blacks readily adopted Jazz to give vent to their essential isolation and pain. Till the late 40s, Jazz saw the emergence of varied black masters like Louis Armstrong and Thomas Dorsey (Peretti 1994). Yet, the most important fact was that the American media was mainly dominated by whites (Peretti 1994, p. 41). So the expected result was that Jazz though being primarily Afro-American music, it was the

Research project on Maritime transportation Paper

Project on Maritime transportation - Research Paper Example Primarily, this research project analyses the background, research problems, research objectives, literature review as well as shortcomings in the maritime transport. In the late 1960’s, the air travel was most embraced way of travel to the oversea. However, there was a very slight change in the ships transport in the 1960’s.on contrary, efficient in the engine did improve the carrying capacity of the ships regarding the public lounges, deck space and the passenger staterooms as effect from 1950’s.here in, this ships did transport passengers pertaining their classes for instance, third, second and first class. Following this, passengers in first class were more luxurious as compared to those in the second and third class. Mostly, frequent transportation was from New York all the way to London. following this, the most known ships in the era of ocean liners were the Queen Mary, Carolina ,Ocean Monarch and the Laconia just to mention but a few. Notably, the actual change did come in during 1960’s with the sell of 747s and other aircrafts all over the world. Besides, the â€Å"United States Federal Aviation Administration† established a global network of airport transportation. Following this, boat travel was not practical and economical since the rate of the jumbo had come into existence. Progressively, since passengers opted to travel with air, it was clear that the maritime transport could end. Apparently, the Love Boat decided to opt to the idea of luxury exploration, apart from the usual transport ability. Therefore, in order to revive this nature of maritime transport, the Love Boat made it more luxurious in order to capture the interest of those who wanted to travel in luxury or was going to vacation, and this was in influence by the year 1970s. Following this, there was a growth in the cruise ship vocational travel in all social classes. Casinos, Ocean Viewers, Pools and onboard entertainment were all available on the cruise ships.

Californian Wine Clusters Essay Example for Free

Californian Wine Clusters Essay Identify the players in the Californian wine cluster, who are they? Main players are growers, vineyard owners, wineries and automated processing facilities. Moreover, there are many supporting players such as bottle, cork and barrel producers, CAGR, Research and Education Institutions which are addicted to improve wine production and services, Distribution Channels to business and direct customers, Bank for financing, Tourism Clusters for presenting, Government, wine magazines, restaurants and bars, food cluster, U.C Davis, producers of equipment which are used in production of wines and grapes. As types of those equipment, fertilizers, labeling machines, trucks, scissors, etc. can be listed. Government role is important, because taxation, production regulations, supports for exporting and production quotas all are in hand of government. What are the reasons behind the Californian wine cluster success? Two key factors in success of Californian wine cluster are price and taste. Those two are decision making factors for consumer. Firstly their price is cheap, because Californian wineries’ yield amount is high, tax amount for a bottle is low, production efficiency in the mean area is high, labor cost is low, there is no production quota by government and they are using automated systems for wine production which is more efficient. Those are the reasons that present low price opportunities. Taste comes with wisdom of years in production. Research facilities, wine production and gourmet schools, good quality grapes, fine barreling materials and supporting spices in wine make Californian wines’ taste better and better in years. As support elements, Californian Food and Tourism clusters are helping wine cluster as brothers and sisters. Food cluster has many different kind of best chefs and restaurants which serve very best of dishes with wines which mixture of taste calls for new customers. Tourism cluster brings new possible customers to food cluster and wine cluster. Wine tasting tours and winery tours are big chances for presenting Californian wines to the rest of the world. Beyond all of those, California is in one of the strongest countries and  government, trade unions, institutions, powerful people give support to wine clusters in presenting, producing and transporting. Other big competitors as Italy and France are stricken about regulations and taxation which bring Californian wine’s success. How is the situation regarding the wine industry in France, Italy, Australia, Chile? In competition, Italy, France, Australia and Chile are main actors against California, and old big players are France and Italy. In exporting, France takes the lead and Italy takes the second row. They are the closest ones to EU consumers which are main consumers and they are old player. Over passing decades, Australian and Californian wines have kept the quality up and caught France and Italy. As a result, especially French and also Italian wine price levels remained high besides of California and Australia. Also, French government put regulations for production amount and taxation. Australia is a very fast growing wine producer and their price level and quality is very fine. Besides, many farmlands turned into vineyards and consumption level is demanding day by day. Also government supports export and regulates wine sided. Furthermore, they are very close to Asia which is a growing business in wine sector. Chile has a lower consumption and production according to Australia and California, but their price level is low and taxation and regulations are helpful in terms of improving production and growing wine business. Their wines are carton packed and acidic, and also those give the opportunity of cheap wines. If you were the governor of California, what would you do about the wine cluster? Regarding wine clusters, firstly I probably offer some marketers to market premium products with better price, and create better brands. I would try to open gourmet, chef and wine expert schools, also more research institutions for not also wine production but also their materials and grape species. I push tourism sector to create especially wine tasting and winery visit tours. Moreover, placing wine and best brands into Californian advertisement  campaigns. Reason behind all of those, Californian wine needs presentation, awareness and marketing, moreover good labeling and better brand image in minds. So, to create all class of brands from premium down to simple versions, they need premium marketing advises and campaigns.