Discovering The Gender Pay Gap

Discovering The Gender Pay Gap The problem of gender differences in salary raises a lot of concerns as to its factors, processes and measurement among social scientists and policy makers all over the world. Gender-based inequality is a phenomenon that affects the majority of the worlds cultures, religions, nations and income groups [5]. When scientists speak of the gender gap these days, they are usually referring to systematic differences in the outcomes that men and women achieve in the labor market. These differences are seen in the percentages of men and women in the labor force, the types of occupations they choose, and their relative incomes or hourly wages [4]. There have been significant increases in the labor supply of women in the last decades both in developed and developing countries. For instance, in the United States female participation in the paid labor force changed drastically in the course of the 20th century: in 1880 only 17% of all American women at working ages participated in the labor market, by 2000 this number had risen to more than 60% [3]. Nevertheless, the Global Gender Gap Index 2007 showing that no country in the world has yet reached equality between women and men the highest ranking country has closed a little over 80% of its gender gap while the lowest ranking country has closed only a little over 45% of its gender gap. Factors that describe the gender pay gap Among various factors that describe the gender pay gap the most important ones are historical, cultural and economic. Describing historical factors of the gender pay gap, we have to mention that after industrialization women became secondary workers in the labor market; they entered the labor market in smaller numbers and for shorter periods than did men. Moreover, occupations and industries were highly segregated by sex, partly because employers developed explicit policies to segregate the workplace and bar married women from employment [4]. Hence the wage structure changes over time but the historical evolution of well-defined systems of jobs and firms has created relatively stable segmentation by occupation. As for cultural factors, they are closely connected to the historical events. The development of modern family patterns during the past decades has been accompanied by substantial changes in social norms, values and gender relations all over the world. In most of modern societies women with higher returns to human capital and fewer children, increase their investments in education and their attachment to the market. The economic factors are also very important. Because women are very likely to interrupt their career for children bearing period, and employers avoiding workers with high quit rates (for economic reasons), therefore, women comparing to men are less likely to receive stable well-paid jobs. Micro-level processes that cause the gender pay gap As wage differences among workers can be explained by processes that match individuals to jobs, we should research how individual women and men are sorted into different positions and thereby obtain different levels of reward. Margaret Mooney Marini and Pi-Ling Fan have conducted a research The gender gap in earnings at career entry in which the micro-level mechanisms of the gender wage gap were investigated. Those are gender differences in job-related skills and credentials, adult family roles, work and family aspirations, the availability and use of information and influence via social networks; gender discrimination in hiring and job placement by employers. The results of the research showed that explanatory mechanisms focusing on the characteristics of workers explained only 30 % of the gender difference in wages. But the gender differences in aspirations and in job-related skills and credentials were the most important in accounting for the gender pay gap. The allocation of women and men to different jobs by employers, and informal processes of social contact and social interaction via networks play an important role in wage determination at career entry. Moreover, gender differences in family structure had no significant direct effect when the effect of worker qualifications and aspirations were considered [6]. How to measure the gender gap One of the instruments to measure the gender gap is the Global Gender Gap Index introduced by the World Economic Forum. This index is a framework for capturing the magnitude of gender disparities. It aims to be a tool for benchÂÂ ­marking and tracking global gender-based inequalities on economic, political, education- and health-based criteria [5]. The structure of this index is in the Appendix. In this paper we are interested only in the economic participation and opportunity analyzed by the Index. This area is captured through three concepts: the participaÂÂ ­tion gap, the remuneration gap and the advancement gap. The participation gap is captured through the difference in labor force participation rates. The remuneration gap is captured through a hard data indicator (ratio of estimated female-to-male earned income) and a qualitative variable calculated through the World Economic Forums ExecuÂÂ ­tive Opinion Survey (wage equality wages for similar work). Finally, the gap between the advancement of women and men is captured through two hard data statistics (the ratio of women to men among legislators, senior officials and managers, and the ratio of women to men among technical and professional workers). Conclusion The gender gap is a difference in outcomes that men and women achieve in the labor market. Because labor market rewards derive from labor market positions, it is important to understand why women receive less rewarding positions and what the mechanism of the gender pay gap is. There are historical, cultural and economic factors that influence gender pay gap. Historically occupations are segregated by sex, but women return to human capital more often than in the past and decrease their quit rates during childbearing period. Among micro-level processes that cause gender pay gap, the most important are gender differences in aspirations, job-related skills and definite social networks inclusion. In order to measure gender gap scientists use the Global Gender Gap Index which examines the gap between men and women in four fundamental categories: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, health and survival. Appendix. Structure of the Global Gender Gap Index

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny Essay -- essays research papers

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a first glance Michael and Sonny appear to be quite different. Upon further observation, however, they have some similarities. Although they are different in areas of personality, values, and their tempers, they are similar in areas of loyalty, their respect for their father, and their strong family ties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their personalities are quite different. Sonny is brash and arrogant, where Michael is calm and cool. When Don Corleone was in the hospital and Sonny is in charge, the family got kind of careless. He doesn't seem to care what could happen due to his actions. He wants to kill the police captain and doesn't think about the repercussions. Tom has to tell him that it wouldn't be good to kill a cop, but they end up doing it anyway. I think Michael was pushed into it because of his loyalty to the family. He is more calculating in manner. Near the end when he â€Å"takes care of all the family business† on the day of the Baptism is a prime example of this. Because he was this way, the objects of his violence had no idea that it was coming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their values are another way that they differ. Michael is a man of honor. He doesn't run around having affairs with different women. He only marries twice because his first wife was killed in the explosion. Sonny is an adulterer. He is with another women during his sisters wedding, along with a few other times throughout t...

How to Tame a Wild Tongue/Mother Tongue Essay

What’s makes someone an American? Am I more American because my skin is white and I speak perfect English? Or am I more American because my family immigrated here 100 years earlier than most? Our country is a melting pot of different races, backgrounds and beliefs. Two women, who are the children of immigrants, share their stories of growing up in America. The first is Gloria Anzaldua, a Chicana who grew up in South Texas. The first chapter of her book, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza is titled â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†. She describes life as a young woman who is too Spanish for Americans and too American for Spanish. The second is Amy Tan, a daughter of immigrants who fled China in the 1940s. In her essay â€Å"Mother Tongue† she recalls growing up with a Mother who could not speak perfect English. While these women are from two different backgrounds, their experiences with languages are the same. Both women have expressed the idea that language used with family, the educational system and society shape us as individuals. When a person is at home, surrounded by those who are nearest and dearest to them, they let their guard down. The languages we speak around our families are often different from the ones we use in the professional world. Tan states this opinion in her essay; she remembers a time when she was conscious of the English she was using around her mother. She was walking down the street with her mother and using the English that she did not use around her mother. She also states that this is the same type of English she uses with her husband. She writes that this type of language â€Å"has become our language of intimacy, a different sort of English that relates to family talk, the language I grew up with.† (Tan, page 143) Anzaldua has a similar opinion when it comes to the language of our family; she writes â€Å"My â€Å"home† tongues are the languages I speak with my sister and brothers, with my friends.†(Anzaldua, page 134) Her type of language is a considered a subcategory of Spanish, called Chicano Spanish. Anzaldua also explains that in her culture she had to learn different dialects of Spanish, according to region that person was from. These two women played chameleon with their languages, blending in perfectly with their surroundings, wearing a mask to the world until they were home. At home, they were safe to use the language they grew up using without fear of judgment. â€Å"To get a good job, you need to speak English well. What’s the use of all your education if you speak English with an accent?† (Anzaldua, page 132) Anzaldua grew up with the idea that her imperfect English would limit her opportunities, even with an education. When she became a high school teacher, she was reprimanded for giving her students literature by Chicanos. Tan’s educational experiences were somewhat different than Anzaldua. Her limitations were set by test scores in English and Math. Tan writes that her English scores â€Å"were not good enough to override the opinion that my true abilities lay in math and science, because in those areas I achieved A’s and scored in the ninetieth percentile or higher.† (Tan, page 145) While both women felt limited in their educational world, they both found a love for writing. They both became a voice for their people. One thing that shapes a person’s perspective of themselves is how their society views them. Tan, at a young age, would often have to speak for her mother. Her mother’s English was view as â€Å"broken† or â€Å"limited† by society. This had a profound effect on how Tan viewed her mother’s English; she writes â€Å"because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect.† (Tan, page 144) Anzaldua’s Chicano Spanish was viewed as â€Å"poor Spanish† by society. â€Å"If a person, Chicana or Latina, has a low estimation of my native tongue, she also has a low estimation of me.† (Anzaldua, page 136) Society, the community in which these women lived, has looked down on the English that they speak. Both women feel that their language is â€Å"poor†, â€Å"broken†, or â€Å"limited† by society’s standards. Gloria Anzaldua and Amy Tan were raised in two different cultures, with two different types of English. They grew up in families that spoke with accents and different dialects. Both women navigated their way through the educational system, which was not designed with them in mind. They were also viewed by their communities as being limited because their home language was not the standard. These two women also fought the system that wished to limit their voices. They became writers, they wrote their stories of how their language, for better or worse shaped who they were.

Why Students Should Study Abroad Essay - 1369 Words

Education gives the ability and flexibility to engage in many opportunities during life. Peter Gray, a research professor and an author for Psychology Today, shares that from the beginning, education was given to children through exploring and learning from one’s own mistakes. Society today sets apart buildings, schools, and universities giving a more in depth education to children and adults instead of allowing them to learn from them and nature. Today, the many different methods of educating students include, classroom learning, homeschooling, online learning, and studying abroad. Each method uniquely shapes and teaches students differently. Studying abroad and classroom learning, especially in America, hold factors proving beneficial to those pursuing their education. One reason why students should study abroad is because of academic opportunities the experience provides. Studying abroad allows them to explore and learn from themselves; in addition to, they also learn in a traditional classroom environment. The Texas AM Univeristy of Kingsville article, â€Å"Reasons to study abroad,† acknowledges that going overseas while unfamiliar with a country s location, culture, and language, forces the overseas learner to adapt to their environment. This helps the learner become more independent and develop better language skills. Many employers, universities, and colleges look for these attributes when individuals apply. Colleges notice the transcripts of applicants understandingShow MoreRelatedShould Students Get Their Education Abroad?870 Words   |  4 Pages Should Students Get Their Education Abroad? It is predicted that 4.1 million pupils are getting their education abroad (Staines, 3013). Students who are concerned about having a better future will choose to have a better education. Thus, they want to improve their knowledge through studying in developed countries. However, some researches has shown that a lot of people don t like the idea of international education. Circumstantial causes, security and prices worries and other personal aspectsRead MoreWhy Studying Abroad Is So Popular818 Words   |  4 Pagesgrateful for your help. Thank you vey much . Topic: Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and detail to explain your answer. Today, studying of students is not limitable in their country which is extended in most countries of the world, so students can change knowledge and even go to the various part of the world to study. Thus, many students choose to attend schools or universities outside theirRead MoreStudy Abroad Is Beneficial For All College Students Development1394 Words   |  6 Pagessignal to the reader how study abroad is beneficial to all college students development. The journals make it a point to say that the study abroad programs offered in universities are expanding and participation by students is increasing. Also stated, is professors that wish that their students who are excluded by their major from studying abroad to have a program that allows them to go abroad. This field of study is interesting because it positively affects the student s life afterward mainlyRead MoreUniversities Should Require Abroad Programs For Any Majors833 Words   |  4 Pagesstated that institutions should require abroad programs for certain majors. â€Å"If we are going to offer a Global Business degree, then how is that global when students aren’t leaving the states?† She later followed up with the idea that any major should go abroad. She stated that some universities has even required that student do go a aboard sometime in their college career. That they come in as a freshman and they will pay as part of their tuition each year to pay for the abroad experience. Doing thisRead MoreStudy Abroad : A Waste Of Time1500 Words   |  6 PagesStudy Abroad, a waste of time. I think not! Is Study Abroad a waste of time or an exciting experience? I say that it s a great thing and for the right people it’s not a waste. Williamson in â€Å"Study Abroad: Revenue Drain or Stream† for the Chronicle states, â€Å" many higher-education institutions and others have found ways to generate revenue from study-abroad ventures. The World Bank estimates that $300-billion is spent each year on global higher education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ What Williamson really means is that sinceRead MoreStudying Abroad Is Better Than Studying Local Universities1050 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Studying abroad is better than studying local universities†. What is your opinion? You should write at least 350 words. Illustrate your opinion with examples. Looking at the trend recently, most of the students feel that studying abroad is better than studying in local universities. As a saying goes, the grass always looks greener on the other side of the fence. However, the students have their own choices either studying in universities abroad or in local universities. They have ownRead MoreShould Vietnamese Overseas Students Come Home Or Not?1649 Words   |  7 PagesShould Vietnamese overseas students come home or not? There is a very famous quiz show in Vietnam called â€Å"Road to Olympia†, which was first aired in 1999 and is organized once a year to find the best high school students in the country to receive scholarships granted by Swinburne University of Technology to study abroad in Australia. Only one of the 16 students who were awarded scholarships to study abroad had returned back home to Vietnam to work after graduation. Statistics on educational websiteRead MoreThe Advantages of Studying Abroad Far Outweigh the Disadvantages1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe advantages of studying abroad far outweigh the disadvantages. Discuss In today’s world, a considerable number of students are not limited to study in their local countries. Instead, they choose to study abroad. This phenomenon becomes a trend especially in recent years. A variety of different attitudes have been come up with on both sides of the question. It is in this background that this essay begins by outlining the arguments for students choose to study abroad and point to the problems withRead MoreStudying Abroad Creates Better Students Essays1519 Words   |  7 PagesStudying abroad creates better students There have always been various matters of concern in our modern society, and one topical issue is studying abroad. According to Scott (1998), studying overseas has become a global trend, especially in English – speaking countries. As a matter of fact, when people’s standards of living improve, they often think about increasing their knowledge so they could have a better life. To do that, they are eager to study for higher education (i.e: university education)Read MoreThe Lowering Ages of Students Who Study Abroad Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesLowering Ages of Students Who Study Abroad With the development of economy of China, the tendency for students to study abroad increases every year. According to a report of the Institute of International Education, there are 229,300 Chinese students who chose to study abroad in 2010. That data means people who went to study abroad exceed 30 percentages than the previous year. (Lin 1) A statistics showed Chinese spent 10 billion CNY, which equals about 1.5 billion dollars on study abroad every year.

Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Agricultural Development...

Theme No. 7 Capacity building for encashing technological options and Entrepreneurial Opportunities Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Agricultural Development: Problems and Prospects Dr. C.S Arneja and Gaganpreet Kaur Dept. of Extension Education Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. ABSTRACT The emergence of entrepreneurs in agriculture and allied activities can propel our rural population into self sustaining individuals, who in turn can catalyze the development of economy. The concepts of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship have been frequently applied to industrial sector. Agriculture, on the other hand, has largely been viewed as non-entrepreneurial traditional activity. For rural folk it is a way for life. Hence farmers were never†¦show more content†¦Indian women business owners are changing the face of businesses of today, both literally and figuratively. The dynamic growth and expansion of women-owned businesses is one of the defining trends of the past decade, and all indications are that it will continue unabated. For more than a decade, the number of women-owned businesses has grown at one-and-a-half to two times the rate of all businesses. Even more important, the expansion in revenues and employment has far exceeded the growth in numbers. The various types of women entrepreneurs are: †¢ Women entrepreneurs in organized unorganized sector †¢ Women entrepreneurs in traditional modern industries †¢ Women entrepreneurs in urban rural areas †¢ Women entrepreneurs in large scale and small scale industries. †¢ Single women and joint venture entrepreneurs. Different categories of women entrepreneurs in practice in India are: Category-I – Established in big cities – Having higher level technical professional qualifications – Non traditional Items – Sound financial positions Category-II – Established in cities and towns – Having sufficient education – Both traditional and non traditional items – Undertaking women services-kindergarten, crà ¨ches, beauty parlors, health clinic etc Category-III – Illiterate women – Financially week – Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Power loom etc. Status ofShow MoreRelatedRole Of Entrepreneurs For Promoting Agribusiness1659 Words   |  7 PagesROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS IN PROMOTING AGRIBUSINESS IN INDIA 1Mr. Raghavendra Hajgolkar, ICSSR Doctoral Fellow, Department of Studies in Economics, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi - 591156 (Karnataka), India. Email: raghvendra59@gmail.com 2Dr. Talwar Sabanna, Professor and Dean, School of Business and Economics, Department of Studies in Economics, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi-591156 (Karnataka), India. ABSTRACT Commercialization of agriculture is possible by performing agribusiness activitiesRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in Beauty Parlour: a Study in Sylhet.2684 Words   |  11 Pageson: Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship in Beauty Parlour: A Study in Sylhet. Shahjalal University of Science Technology Department of Business Administration Executive Summary Recognition of the need of women entrepreneurship has grown considerably in Bangladesh over the recent years. Because of the recognition, more supportive environment has been created for the women and more and more women entrepreneursRead MoreA Report On Singapore s Smes Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesemployment in the private sector SMEs also promote economic growth in Singapore. According to Doh (1993), SMEs play a significant role in transitioning the agricultural led economy of Singapore into an industrial one, thus furnishing the plain opportunities for the processing activities which can generate a sustainable source of revenue and hence enhance the development process. SMEs help in the absorption of productive resources at all the levels of the economy and create flexible economic systemsRead MoreAp Pertinent Questions Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagessalvation. This message affected women because church membership became dominantly female as a result. This was because women were more numerous in certain regions than men. Their marriage prospects diminished and their futures were plagued with uncertainty when men left who were struck on their own and moved west, while women had no choice but to stay. Some women discovered in religion a foundation on which to build their lives, but women came to play import ant roles with charitable activities ministeringRead MoreChallenges and Opportunities of Rural Micro Enterprise in Malaysia5086 Words   |  21 Pagesliterature and mostly the wave on interest is on the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth literature. This paper aims to highlight in the perspective of micro enterprise. It explores the experience of rural micro enterprise (RME) entrepreneurs in Malaysia with reference to a preliminary survey conducted in Centre of Perak. In the study, 30 rural micro enterprises entrepreneurs were interviewed. The study finds that RMEs in the area play supporting role in the household economy. Common characteristicsRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: a Case Study on Boutique Business10735 Words   |  43 PagesIntroduction 1.1 Introduction: Entrepreneurs are arguably the most important actors in our economy: the creators of new wealth and new jobs, the inventors of new products and services, and the revolutionizes of society and the economy. Yet despite their centrality, little is known about entrepreneurs: what motivates them, how they emerge, why they succeed. We know even less about who becomes an entrepreneur, and why. Women are one particularly understudied group of entrepreneurs. We know very little aboutRead MoreChallenges of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh6227 Words   |  25 PagesChallenges of Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh Despite all their family and social problems, women have struggled hard to achieve their own identity. Women from all classes of Bangladesh want to stand up before everyone in their own right and not as someones daughter or wife. Women can be a very caring homemaker, but at the same time she can prove to be a highly skilled Entrepreneur, an efficient employee, an administrator if they choose to be. Realizing that the advancement of women can not be preventedRead MoreProspects and Challenges of Rural Marketing in India3908 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES FOR ENTERING INTO RURAL MARKET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HUL AND ITC† By Mrs. Madhulika Dutta Mrs. Megha Bhatia Assistant Professor Sr.Lecturer Department of Management Studies Department of Management StudiesRead MoreProblems and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh6899 Words   |  28 Pages1 Problems and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: An Analysis Muhammad Mahboob Ali * Md. Moulude Hossain** - Abstract: The poultry industry has been successfully becoming a leading industry of Bangladesh. The primary objective of the study is to identify the various aspect relating the growth and sustainability of poultry industry in Bangladesh. Authors’ argued that strategic management in poultry sector requires complementing to achieve present Govt.’s vision of Digital Bangladesh 2021Read MoreProblems and Prospects of MIS in Bangladesh6554 Words   |  27 Pages Problems and Prospects of MIS in Bangladesh --------- A perspective study on SME Declaration 21st December,2011 Md. Rahimullah Miah Lecturer Dept. of Business Administration Leading University,Sylhet. Subject: Submission of report on â€Å"Problems and Prospects of

Effect of Broken Homes on the in Society - 6232 Words

EFFECT OF BROKEN HOMES ON THE SOCIETY A CASE STUDY OF AMUKOKO COMMUNITY IN AJEROMI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE ABSTRACT This paper is a report of the study that examined the effect of broken homes on the society. The sample for the study consisted of inhabitants of the randomly selected families in the neighbourhoods’ of Amukoko community. The adapted form of Guidance and Counselling Achievement Grade Form was used for data collection and the data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the t-test statistical method. The three null hypotheses formulated were tested at .05 level of significance. The results showed that significant differences existed between the delinquent behaviour of†¦show more content†¦Broken home can be prevented by educating to study each other before going into marriage and not to rush into it. Also, both parents should endure each other in a situation where there is poor socioeconomic status. Also the wives should try and respect their husband and avoid disrupting situation. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The statement of the problem is therefore stated thus, to what limit do broken homes causes by separating divorced or death of parents affects both children’s academic performance as well as adulthood career achievements. The children social life could also be affected because they became a problem to their society juvenile delinquency, introvert, behavioural disorder etc. that is a sociological deficiency. 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research is an attempt to find out the effect of broken home on the society. Also, it looks at some of the causes and how to know and compare the percentage of people most especially children from broken home to that of stable home in the society. Another objective of the study is to ascertain the following questions? i. Does lack of parental care, affection and love affect children’s’ behaviour and response to societal norms and values? ii. Can a broken home affect the academic achievement of children? iii. Does lack of parental security affect the society? iv. Does lack of parental discipline affect children when they become adult? 1.4 REVIEWS ON RELATED LITERATURE The brokenShow MoreRelatedEffect of Broken Home on the Academic Performance Among Student S in Secondary School614 Words   |  3 Pagessignificance of the study, scope and delimitation of the study, and the definition of term. A. Background of the Study Family is the basic unit of society.    This is the most important component of a country. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated    to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately    referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the motherRead MoreChild Shift1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe article entitled â€Å"Children Caught in the Crossfire† explores the effects of proper and dysfunctional parenting on Caribbean children. This article identifies dysfunctional homes that foster improper parenting and the impact of psychological and physical absence of parents on their children. It also assesses the consequences of â€Å"child shifting† on affected children. The social impairments of children suffering from â€Å"child shifting† were cross-examined with the various parenting sty les they wouldRead MoreThe Anti-Divorce Movement: a Persuasion Paper1268 Words   |  6 Pagesdecades, divorce has become ever more prelivant in society. Studies conclude that less than one-third of all marriages end in divorce. The effects of divorce can be very devastating, especially when children are involved. Everyone who has ever listened to the news has heard the dismal statistics of adolescents coming from broken homes. The statistics showing the effects of a fatherless household includes: †¢ 63% of youth suicides are from fatherless homes (U.S.D.H.H.S., Bureau of the Census) †¢ 90% ofRead MoreSocieties Judgment on Limited English Proficiency600 Words   |  3 PagesSocieties Judgment on Limited English Proficiency Society judges civilians based on looks, social status, class and many other ways. One way society places judgment on civilians is by criticizing how they speak or write. This judgment has consequences on individuals who have not mastered the English language, such as limited opportunities and being socially awkward. In â€Å"Mother Tongue,† Amy Tan discusses the struggles of speaking â€Å"Broken† English, consequently leading to judgment. Individuals sometimesRead MoreThe Broken Windows, Zero Tolerance, And Problem Oriented Policing952 Words   |  4 Pagespolicing strategies known as, broken windows, zero tolerance, and problem oriented policing. Each of these strategies have both their pros and cons throughout this paper I will be describing each of these strategies along with discussing a few articles in relation to these strategies. In light of the recent tension between law enforcement and the community, specifically minorities ill also be discussing how these strategies have either helped or hurt communities. The broken windows theory, originallyRead More Divorce is a Life Changing Experience Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesTraditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have children and then one day: Wham! Something is just not right with the relationship anymore, so they opt for the easy way out, the big D. TheyRead MoreThe Social Ills Of Caribbean Society1349 Words   |  6 Pagesunderpins the social ills in Caribbean society†. Discuss in relation to the relevant theoretical perspectives and the traditional and emergent role of the family in the contemporary Caribbean. The family has been described as the cornerstone of society. Denise Fyffe puts it as the birthplace of society and is the most basic economical, political, and social unit. In fact, anthropological studies have indicated that the family has existed in every known society. Based on evidence gathered by GeorgeRead MoreDivorce a Life Changing Experience Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesTraditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have children and then one day: Wham! Something is just not right with the relationship anymore, so they opt for the easy way out, the big D. TheyRead MoreAnalysis Of Daughter From Danang 1272 Words   |  6 Pagesturn, these statuses begin hav ing an effect on the groups they encompass, causing some groups to become dominate over others and shaping the hierarchy of their society. Once established, these statuses begin to intertwine and influence one another, along with space and time, which is called intersections. These intersections work together to further shape our experiences and hierarchies within every society. The intersections between these spheres are further broken down into multiple types, and eachRead MoreSituational And Situational Crime Prevention Theory1454 Words   |  6 Pagesshame. Fifth, by lessening the environment provocations. Crime prevention through environmental design is another approach of situational crime prevention that include designing or redesigning a physical space to offer fewer opportunities for crimes. Broken windows theory’s central concept is, â€Å"unchecked social disorder or public incivility is the cause of serious crimes (Text, 463)†. Crime and disorder are generally inseparably connected in a developmental series, at the community level. The series

Marketing and Customer Engagement Social Media Marketing

Question: Discuss about theMarketing and Customer Engagementfor Social Media Marketing. Answer: Overview of Company Big WS is the famous Australian chain of departmental stores. The company was founded in 1964 in the region of New South Wales, Australia. Big W is the division of the famous company Woolworths Limited and now, it is operating in all over the country having around 186 stores and 22,000 employees in the company. This is the largest discount department stores as compared to Kmart and target. In present time, Big W is providing great value in-store and online choices to the general customers. Along with this, it is also focusing on corporate responsibilities in the environment, employment and community. It can be seen that the company has got significant level of position in the Australian retail industry and the main cause of achieving such high position is that company uses effective strategies in its marketing tactics. Product Big W provides wide range of brands to the customers at the lowest affordable prices. Big W has stock of fashion for family health and beauty products, home entertainment, small electrical, toys, kitchenware and more. Customer can get big products in the small amount. Having entire range of products, company has huge collection of brand items on which customers are familiar and they trust (Woolworths Group, 2017). In Big W, customers can do shopping safely having the knowledge about products or brand which they know and trust. Along with this, those various products are available at the lowest prices. In Big W, it is not the idea of everyday low prices in the company. It is the principle on which the company is working continuously and it is the responsibility of the employees in the company. Company is always focused to offer the products to the customers at the lowest possible prices every day (DAT Media, 2017). Target Market Australia is a developed country and the standard of living of the people in country is high. Aim of the Big W is to focus on the environmental needs of the people in the country. Big W sells its products as per the requirements of the customers. So, Big W targets the socio-economic and psychographic or lifestyle of the customers. Company targets men, women and children in all age group as it is providing the products which can be used by everyone. Summary of Social Media Use In case of Big W, the customer outreach of the company includes several social media platforms i.e. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest using Socialbakers Builder and Analytics. Reason is that the customers are differing from channel to channel. The ecommerce footprints of Big W are very impressive (Densley, 2013). The company has enjoyed more than A$ 1.2 billion online sales every year with 50% rise of last year. The company is clearly reinvesting its profit in the digital platforms to attract the customers (Davis, 2014). The popularity of the Big W on social media can be seen by table. Platform Followers Facebook 800,000 Twitter 10,000 Instagram 20,000 Youtube 12,000 Pinterest 19,000 First tool is Facebook which is used by the company. Having more than 800,000 followers of Fecebook users in Australia, Big W has very popular page. Further, there are Youtube, Instagram, Pinterest and Twitter which are used by the company. The company has realized the importance of social media to remain available for the customers. The social media tools used by the Big W are not different from the competitors but, the way company is using the tools is different (GDUSA, 2017). The challenge, which company is faced by the company is to know about the customers i.e. who they are, what they want, how they want to be engaged with social media and how they want to contact. It is important for the company to differentiate them based on social media platform. There is risk associated with social media to satisfy the customers based on their needs. It can be seen by the table of followers that Big W is not failed in its social media strategy because of its unique strategy to manage the platforms on daily basis (Socialbakers 2017). Recommendation and Conclusion SWOT analysis of Big W based on social media is as follows: Strength Market leader, Ability to use market potential by social media platforms, Has more than million active users, Understand users needs and wants. Weakness Lack of website customization, Weak click-through-rate advertisements Opportunities Add more sources for revenue, Open facebook marketplace, Number of customers by mobile devices can be increased threats Users have ad-block extension, Weak business model, Privacy issues Based on the SWOT analysis, it is recommended that Big W has to make sure that it is using right track for social media strategy. So, company should do SWOT analysis of the social media strategy for the best results in this manner. References DAT Media, (2017). BIG W Digital. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://www.bigw.com.au/medias/DATMedia20131028.pdf?context=bWFzdGVyfHJvb3R8NDgwNTIxMXxhcHBsaWNhdGlvbi9wZGZ8aDZlL2g3ZS85MTIzMTIyNTQ0NjcwLnBkZnxhZjQyOGMxNTYwYjUwYmExZmVkMTY3NTkwZGU1YWIzOWMwZmFiN2RlMzFmZTI5YjkxODJlODRjZjg4M2IzZWE4 Davis, B. (2014). Woolworths South Africa: common sense social media with a small team. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://econsultancy.com/blog/64781-woolworths-south-africa-common-sense-social-media-with-a-small-team/ Densley, J. (2013). Woolworths social media success: Five lessons from the billboard scandal. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/people-human-resources/managing/woolworths-social-media-success-five-lessons-from-the-billboard-scandal-2/ GDUSA. (2017). Measuring Success Starts With Big W Social Media Campaign. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://gdusa.com/designwire/measuring-success-starts-with-big-w-social-media-campaign Socialbakers (2017). Woolworths: Great Results for a Small Team with Socialbakers Solutions. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://www.socialbakers.com/social-media-content/client-stories/woolworths-sa/ Woolworths Group. (2017). Strategy and objectives. Retrieved on 1st May 2017 from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objectives